广金钱草生长和品质适宜性区划研究
发布时间：2018-11-13 15:50
【摘要】：广金钱草(Desmodium styracifolium(Osbeck)Merr.)为豆科广金钱草干燥的地上部分,性微寒,味甘、淡,归膀胱、肝、胆、肾经,具有利湿退黄、利尿通淋的功效,为两广地区常用中药。随着广金钱草药材的广泛应用,加之生态环境遭到破坏,野生资源数量急剧减少,无法满足临床和市场需求,目前市场上流通的药材主要以栽培品为主。扩大人工种植规模是缓解供求矛盾的有效途径,但不考虑其生态适宜性,盲目种植,就会造成药材质量下降,土地和资源的浪费。目前对广金钱草的研究主要集中在栽培技术、产量和质量、遗传多样性、化学成分、药理作用等方面,尚未见生态适宜性方面的相关报道。本研究通过实地调查,采集野生样品,测定化学成分含量,根据生态位模型理论,利用最大信息熵值模型(MaxEnt)建立生态模型,结合AcrGis完成广金钱草的生长和品质适宜性区划,主要研究结果如下:1.单因素方差分析结果表明:不同产地广金钱草夏佛塔苷、多糖和总黄酮含量存在一定差异,方差分析结果表明,广西来宾、广西百色、广东遂溪3个地区的总黄酮含量极显著高于其他地区(p0.01)分别为37.00±0.22 mg/g,37.05±1.90 mg/g,39.77±0.67 mg/g;海丰多糖含量最高,为15.13±1.41 mg/g,极显著高于其他地区(p0.01);普宁夏佛塔苷含量最高,为5.23±0.2 mg/g,极显著高于其他地区(p0.01);聚类分析结果表明:广金钱草夏佛塔苷、多糖和总黄酮在地理位置分布上没有明显的区域界限,基地选址时有必要参考单一化学成分积累规律的研究,开展定向培育。2.生长区划的研究结果表明:4月均温、最冷季节均温、土壤类型、寒冷指数、年均降水量和最干月降水量6个生态因子对广金钱草生长适宜性的影响最大,生长适宜性区划图表明广金钱草主要分布在广东省、广西省、海南省,福建东南沿海、云南东南部和台湾东部沿海地区。最适合广金钱草生长的地区主要有海南岛北部、东部、南部沿海地区,广东省徐闻,廉江、茂名、阳江、云浮等地区。3.品质区划的研究结果表明:夏佛塔苷含量与4月均温、最冷季节均温呈显著性负相关(p0.05),与10月、11月降水量、4月、5月日照时长呈极显著负相关(p0.01),与4月降水量、温度季节性变化标准差呈显著性正相关(p0.05),与2月、3月降水量呈极显著性正相关(p0.01)。多糖含量与4月降水量呈显著性正相关(p0.05);总黄酮与现有生态因子没有显著相关性。分别以夏佛塔苷、多糖为品质指标,依据品质区划模型绘制出广金钱草的品质区划图,预测夏佛塔苷含量最高的地区主要位于海南北部沿海、西北部沿海和中部零星地区;多糖含量最高的地区分布在广西中部,广东中部和雷州半岛北部。
[Abstract]:(Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.) It is the dry aboveground part of Leguminosae. It is cold, sweet, light, bladder, liver, gallbladder, kidney meridian, it has the function of moisturizing and yellow, diuretic and elution, which is commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in Liangguang area. With the wide application of Herba Guanjinensis and the destruction of ecological environment, the quantity of wild resources has been reduced sharply, which can not meet the clinical and market needs. At present, the main medicinal materials in circulation on the market are mainly cultivated. Expanding the scale of artificial planting is an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand, but blind planting without considering its ecological suitability will lead to the decline of the quality of medicinal materials and the waste of land and resources. At present, the researches on the cultivation techniques, yield and quality, genetic diversity, chemical composition and pharmacological action of Euglenia chinensis have not been reported in the field of ecological suitability. Through field investigation, wild samples were collected, chemical composition content was determined, according to niche model theory, the maximum information entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to establish ecological model, and AcrGis was used to complete the regionalization of growth and quality suitability. The main results are as follows: 1. The results of univariate ANOVA showed that there were some differences in the contents of Haphoroside, polysaccharides and total flavonoids in different habitats. The results of ANOVA indicated that Guilingbin and Baise in Guangxi were different in content of total flavonoids. The contents of total flavonoids in Suixi, Guangdong Province were significantly higher than those in other regions (p0.01), which were 37.00 卤0.22 mg/g,37.05 卤1.90 mg/g,39.77 卤0.67 mg/g;, respectively. The content of Haifeng polysaccharide was the highest (15.13 卤1.41 mg/g,) significantly higher than that of other regions (p0.01), the content of Puninghamadin was the highest (5.23 卤0.2 mg/g,) significantly higher than that of other regions (p0.01). The results of cluster analysis showed that there was no obvious regional limit on the geographical distribution of Haphorta glycosides, polysaccharides and total flavonoids, and it was necessary to study the accumulation of single chemical components in the site selection of the base, and to carry out directional cultivation. 2. The results of growth regionalization showed that the average temperature in April, the mean temperature in the coldest season, the soil type, the cold index, the average annual precipitation and the driest monthly precipitation had the greatest influence on the growth suitability of Eugenia guangensis. The plot of growth suitability shows that the main species are in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Hainan Province, the southeast coast of Fujian, the southeast of Yunnan and the eastern coastal area of Taiwan. Most suitable for the growth of the main areas of Hainan Island in the north, east, southern coastal areas, Guangdong Province Xuwen, Lianjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang, Yunfu and other areas. The results of quality zonation showed that the content of HA phorin was negatively correlated with the mean temperature in April and the coldest season (p0.05), and was negatively correlated with the precipitation in October and November, and the sunshine duration in April and May (p0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the standard deviation of temperature seasonal variation and the precipitation in April (p0.05) and the precipitation in February and March (p0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between polysaccharide content and April precipitation (p0.05), but no significant correlation between total flavonoids and existing ecological factors. Based on the quality zonation model, the quality zonation map of Sargassum chinensis was plotted by using the quality index of Haphorta glycosides and polysaccharides, respectively, and it was predicted that the areas with the highest content of Haphorta glycosides were mainly located in the northern coast of Hainan, the northwest coast and the central part of Hainan. The highest content of polysaccharides is in central Guangxi, central Guangdong and northern Leizhou Peninsula.
【学位授予单位】：广东药科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.239
[Abstract]:(Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.) It is the dry aboveground part of Leguminosae. It is cold, sweet, light, bladder, liver, gallbladder, kidney meridian, it has the function of moisturizing and yellow, diuretic and elution, which is commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in Liangguang area. With the wide application of Herba Guanjinensis and the destruction of ecological environment, the quantity of wild resources has been reduced sharply, which can not meet the clinical and market needs. At present, the main medicinal materials in circulation on the market are mainly cultivated. Expanding the scale of artificial planting is an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand, but blind planting without considering its ecological suitability will lead to the decline of the quality of medicinal materials and the waste of land and resources. At present, the researches on the cultivation techniques, yield and quality, genetic diversity, chemical composition and pharmacological action of Euglenia chinensis have not been reported in the field of ecological suitability. Through field investigation, wild samples were collected, chemical composition content was determined, according to niche model theory, the maximum information entropy model (MaxEnt) was used to establish ecological model, and AcrGis was used to complete the regionalization of growth and quality suitability. The main results are as follows: 1. The results of univariate ANOVA showed that there were some differences in the contents of Haphoroside, polysaccharides and total flavonoids in different habitats. The results of ANOVA indicated that Guilingbin and Baise in Guangxi were different in content of total flavonoids. The contents of total flavonoids in Suixi, Guangdong Province were significantly higher than those in other regions (p0.01), which were 37.00 卤0.22 mg/g,37.05 卤1.90 mg/g,39.77 卤0.67 mg/g;, respectively. The content of Haifeng polysaccharide was the highest (15.13 卤1.41 mg/g,) significantly higher than that of other regions (p0.01), the content of Puninghamadin was the highest (5.23 卤0.2 mg/g,) significantly higher than that of other regions (p0.01). The results of cluster analysis showed that there was no obvious regional limit on the geographical distribution of Haphorta glycosides, polysaccharides and total flavonoids, and it was necessary to study the accumulation of single chemical components in the site selection of the base, and to carry out directional cultivation. 2. The results of growth regionalization showed that the average temperature in April, the mean temperature in the coldest season, the soil type, the cold index, the average annual precipitation and the driest monthly precipitation had the greatest influence on the growth suitability of Eugenia guangensis. The plot of growth suitability shows that the main species are in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Hainan Province, the southeast coast of Fujian, the southeast of Yunnan and the eastern coastal area of Taiwan. Most suitable for the growth of the main areas of Hainan Island in the north, east, southern coastal areas, Guangdong Province Xuwen, Lianjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang, Yunfu and other areas. The results of quality zonation showed that the content of HA phorin was negatively correlated with the mean temperature in April and the coldest season (p0.05), and was negatively correlated with the precipitation in October and November, and the sunshine duration in April and May (p0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the standard deviation of temperature seasonal variation and the precipitation in April (p0.05) and the precipitation in February and March (p0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between polysaccharide content and April precipitation (p0.05), but no significant correlation between total flavonoids and existing ecological factors. Based on the quality zonation model, the quality zonation map of Sargassum chinensis was plotted by using the quality index of Haphorta glycosides and polysaccharides, respectively, and it was predicted that the areas with the highest content of Haphorta glycosides were mainly located in the northern coast of Hainan, the northwest coast and the central part of Hainan. The highest content of polysaccharides is in central Guangxi, central Guangdong and northern Leizhou Peninsula.
【学位授予单位】：广东药科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.239
【参考文献】
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