黑肩绿盲蝽植物源引诱剂研究

发布时间：2019-01-24 19:36

【摘要】：黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis是水稻害虫飞虱和叶蝉的重要天敌,本研究拟研发植物源引诱剂,调控黑肩绿盲蝽种群数量,控制飞虱和叶蝉的为害。通过溶剂浸提法获得夹竹桃、香菜等8种植物粗提物,用Y型嗅觉仪和H型管分别检测粗提物对黑肩绿盲蝽若虫和成虫的引诱作用,进一步对有引诱活性的粗提物进行分离与成分鉴定,筛选出在室内和田间均对黑肩绿盲蝽有引诱作用的两种化合物单体。主要结果如下:1.人心果、香菜、夹竹桃枝叶粗提物和高良姜根茎粗提物对黑肩绿盲蝽有显著引诱效果。检测8种植物10个不同部位的粗提物对黑肩绿盲蝽的引诱作用,发现在浓度为50ppm时,人心果、夹竹桃和香菜的粗提物对黑肩绿盲蝽若虫和成虫均具有显著的引诱作用。其中人心果粗提物对若虫的引诱率最高,达38.89%。香菜粗提物对雌虫引诱率最高,达46.67%,夹竹桃粗提物则对雄虫引诱率最高,达46.67%。并且在浓度为5ppm时,香菜和夹竹桃粗提物仍对雄虫有引诱活性。2.人心果、香菜和夹竹桃的枝叶乙醇粗提物在网室实验中对黑肩绿盲蝽有引诱活性。香菜粗提物在浓度为400ppm时,对黑肩绿盲蝽引诱率达29.22%;夹竹桃粗提物在浓度为200ppm时,引诱率达28.80%;人心果粗提物在浓度为50ppm时,对黑肩绿盲蝽引诱率28.77%。而高良姜粗提物无引诱活性。3.通过极性分离筛选人心果、高良姜、夹竹桃和香菜粗提物中的活性组分,结果表明4种植物石油醚层萃取物均对黑肩绿盲蝽若虫有显著的引诱活性,人心果石油醚层萃取物引诱率最高,为37.50%。同时夹竹桃和香菜石油醚层萃取物对雄虫有显著的引诱活性。4.将夹竹桃、香菜和高良姜石油醚层萃取物用GC-MS进行成分分析,发现化合物A和化合物B在室内和室外对黑肩绿盲蝽均有显著的引诱作用。挑选了10种化合物,测定这些化合物对黑肩绿盲蝽的引诱作用。室内检测结果表明在浓度为50ppm时,化合物A和化合物B对黑肩绿盲蝽若虫和成虫有极显著的引诱作用。在网室及田间进一步检测化合物A和化合物B对黑肩绿盲蝽引诱效果。在网室中,化合物A在浓度为5000ppm时,引诱效果最佳,引诱率高达65.84%。化合物B在浓度为500ppm时,引诱效果最佳,引诱率为55.64%。在田间试验中,放置诱芯后黑肩绿盲蝽种群数量显著高于对照田块。因此,化合物A与B具有潜在的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Cyrtorhinus lividipennis is an important natural enemy of rice pest planthopper and leafhopper. In this study, a plant-source attractant was developed to control the population number of planthopper and leafhopper, and to control the damage of planthopper and leafhopper. The crude extracts of eight kinds of plants, such as oleander and coriander, were obtained by solvent extraction. The inductive effects of the crude extracts on nymphs and adults were detected by Y type olfactometer and H type tube, respectively. The crude extracts with attractive activity were further separated and identified. Two compounds were isolated and identified, which were seductive to both laboratory and field. The main results are as follows: 1. The crude extracts of human heart fruit, coriander, nectarine branches and leaves and rhizomes of alpinia alpinnata showed significant seductive effects on the black shoulder and green bug. The seductive effects of 10 crude extracts from 10 different parts of 8 species of plants on the stink bugs were investigated. The results showed that the crude extracts of human heart fruit, oleander and coriander had significant seductive effects on nymphs and adults when the concentration was 50ppm. The rate of attracting nymphs was the highest, 38.89%. The seductive rate of the crude extract of coriander to female was the highest (46.67), and that of the crude extract of oleander to the male was the highest (46.67). And when the concentration of 5ppm was 5ppm, the crude extract of coriander and oleander still had attractive activity to males. 2. The ethanol extracts from the branches and leaves of human heart fruit, coriander and oleander were seductive to the black shoulder and green bug in the net room experiment. When the concentration of the crude extract of coriander was 400ppm, the inducement rate of the black shoulder and green bug was 29.22, when the concentration of 200ppm was 200ppm, the lure rate of the crude extract was 28.80. When the concentration of the crude extract of human heart fruit was 50ppm, the attraction rate of the crude extract was 28.77. The crude extract of Ginger had no inductive activity. 3. The active components of the crude extracts of human heart fruit, alpinia officinalis, oleander and coriander were screened by polarity separation. The results showed that the four kinds of plant petroleum ether layer extracts all had significant attractive activity to the nymphs. The attractive rate of the extract from the oil ether layer was the highest (37.50%). At the same time, the petroleum ether layer extract of oleander and coriander had remarkable attractive activity to male insect. 4. 4. Compound A and compound B were analyzed by GC-MS in the petroleum ether layer extracts of oleander, coriander and alpinia officinalis. It was found that compound A and compound B had significant inducement effect on both indoor and outdoor stink bugs. Ten compounds were selected to determine the seductive effect of these compounds on the black shoulder and green bug. The results of laboratory test showed that compound A and compound B had highly attractive effects on nymphs and adults when the concentration was 50ppm. The seductive effect of compound A and compound B to the black shoulder and green bug was further detected in the net room and in the field. When the concentration of compound A is 5000ppm, the attractive effect is the best, and the rate of attraction is 65.84. When the concentration of compound B was 500ppm, the attractive rate was 55.64%. In the field experiment, the population number of the black shoulder and green bug was significantly higher than that of the control field. Therefore, compounds A and B have potential application prospects.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ453.4;S476

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