库布齐沙漠东缘主要人工林群落结构及植物多样性研究

发布时间：2019-04-30 16:15

【摘要】：库布齐沙漠是我国第七大沙漠,三面以黄河为界限,对其边缘森林植被的研究是该地区林业建设的核心,也是生态环境建设的重要组成部分。因此,本文对库布齐沙漠东缘森林群落物种组成、群落生活型、结构特征、群落多样性等进行研究,进而揭示其内部结构变化规律,在典型森林群落结构数量化分析与评价的基础上,为库布齐沙漠边缘森林群落的可持续经营提供理论依据。在研究区布设15块50×50m标准样地,利用样地调查等方法,在野外调查的基础上,对数据进行分析处理后得出一下主要结论:(1)库布齐沙漠东缘典型灌木植被群落物种组成比较简单,仅仅出现41种植物,隶属于13科31属,菊科植物的种类在各群落中占绝对优势;乔木植被群落出现24种植物,隶属于10科20属,菊科植物的种类各群落中占绝对优势。高位芽植物种数在各群落里都占第一,但高位芽植物种树与其他生活型种数差异小。(2)沙柳和柠条群落林分密度达到一定阶段后,其平均基茎和树高与林分密度呈反比关系,而羊柴群落的基茎和树高整体变化与林分密度相一致。沙柳与柠条群落的相似性系数是最大的,这说明沙柳群落与柠条群落生长发育的条件相似。(3)适当的林分密度下林木可正常生长,如果林分密度过高则可能限制林木胸径树高的生长,林分密度大的样地乔木长势一般,林分密度较小的,平均胸径和平均树高值较高,整体发育较好。(4)乔木种群以随机分布为主要的分布格局,小局部有聚集分布出现。(5)库布齐沙漠东缘各灌木群落相似性系数在0.33～0.54之间,灌木群落之间均达到相似水平。小叶杨群落和榆树群落呈3级轻度相似,相似性系数为0.46。根据研究结果,提出以下建议,①加强对物种多样性的保护,对森林群落进行围封,减少人为干扰的影响;②在植被恢复方面,栽种时应当考虑地形的因素决定其栽种模式,从而使得植被能够更好地与环境协同作用
[Abstract]:Kubuqi Desert is the seventh largest desert in China. The study of forest vegetation on the edge of Kubuqi Desert is the core of forestry construction and an important part of ecological environment construction in the three sides of the Yellow River. Therefore, the species composition, life form, structure characteristics and community diversity of the forest community in the eastern margin of Kubuqi Desert were studied in this paper, and then the change rule of its internal structure was revealed. On the basis of quantitative analysis and evaluation of typical forest community structure, this paper provides theoretical basis for sustainable management of forest community on the edge of Kubuqi desert. On the basis of field investigation, 15 50 脳 50 m standard plots were set up in the study area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the species composition of typical shrub communities in the eastern margin of Kubuqi Desert is relatively simple, with only 41 species of plants, belonging to 13 families and 31 genera. The species of Compositae is dominant in each community. There are 24 species of plants in Arbor community, belonging to 10 families and 20 genera, and the species of Compositae are dominant in each community. The number of species of high-position bud plants was the first in all communities, but there was little difference between species trees of high-position buds and other life forms. (2) the stand density of Salix willow and Caragana commune reached a certain stage after the forest density reached a certain stage. The average basal stem and tree height were inversely proportional to the stand density, while the whole variation of basal stem and tree height was consistent with the stand density. The similarity coefficient between Salix mandshurica community and Caragana community was the largest, which indicated that the conditions of growth and development of Salix mandshurica community and Caragana communis community were similar. (3) trees could grow normally under proper stand density. If the stand density is too high, it may limit the growth of DBH tree height. In the sample plot with high stand density, the tree grows generally, the stand density is smaller, and the average DBH and average tree height are higher. (4) the main distribution pattern of Arbor population was random distribution, and the aggregation distribution appeared in a small area. (5) the similarity coefficient of shrub communities in the eastern margin of Kubuqi Desert was between 0.33 and 0.54. The shrub communities reached similar level. The community of Populus microphylla was slightly similar to that of elm community, and the similarity coefficient was 0.46. According to the results of the study, the following suggestions are put forward: (1) to strengthen the protection of species diversity, to encircle forest communities and to reduce the effects of man-made interference; 2 in the aspect of vegetation restoration, the topographical factors should be taken into account to determine the planting pattern, so as to make the vegetation better synergetic with the environment.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.5

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