运动训练对黑棘鲷和斜带石斑鱼生长、抗氧化能力、非特异性免疫的影响及适宜放流规格探讨

发布时间：2019-06-21 17:29

【摘要】：黑棘鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)和斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)是大亚湾主要优质经济鱼类,同时也沿海增殖放流的优良品种,对生态修复和资源养护都有重要作用。人工繁育的放流苗种在集约化养殖条件下,活动空间受到限制,游泳活动强度减少,造成鱼体脂肪累积、抗应激能力和免疫力下降,对自然环境水体的生存适合度明显弱于野生个体,影响放流效果。因此有必要加强对黑棘鲷和斜带石斑鱼优质放流苗种的培育,增强放流苗种免疫机能,以提升放流效果。本研究通过探查不同游泳运动训练方式对黑棘鲷和斜带石斑鱼的生长和抗氧化免疫能力影响,以及运动训练对不同规格黑棘鲷的影响,探究通过运动训练增强放流苗种的机体机能可行性,同时筛选出适宜的放流规格。(1)有氧运动训练对黑棘鲷生长、非特异性免疫和抗氧化能力的影响本研究以黑棘鲷(S.macrocephalus)为研究对象,设计对照组(0bl/s,体长/秒)和训练组(1.0bl/s、2.0bl/s和4.0bl/s)4个水流速度,探讨2周游泳运动训练对黑棘鲷生长、非特异性免疫和抗氧化指标的影响。主要结果如下:训练组的特定生长率和增重率都出现显著下降(P0.05),4.0bl/s组成活率最低(P0.05)。在2.0bl/s强度下,血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶均显著下降(P0.05),而总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽则显著升高(P0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢含量、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、丙二醛和蛋白质羰基各组间无显著差异。2周的训练显著增强了抑制羟自由基能力(P0.05),对溶菌酶活性无显著影响。运动训练对黑棘鲷肝脏总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量没有显著性影响,谷胱甘肽含量、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性均呈现上升的趋势。综合考虑黑棘鲷生长、血清和肝脏非特异性免疫指标得出,在游泳训练强度为2.0bl/s时,最有利于提升黑棘鲷机体免疫机能。(2)力竭运动训练对黑棘鲷生长、非特异性免疫和抗氧化能力的影响本实验设计3个实验组(C组:对照组,E1:每日一次力竭训练,E2:每日两次力竭训练),探讨两周力竭运动对黑棘鲷生长、非特异性免疫和抗氧化指标的影响。结果显示,力竭训练组和对照组生长没有显著性差异。与对照组相比,E1和E2组血糖、总胆固醇含量显著下降(P0.05)。甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶在E1组含量最低,在E2组含量最高。总蛋白、球蛋白、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶均为先上升后下降的趋势,在E1组最高。力竭运动对黑棘鲷的血清总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽有明显的降低作用,训练组的总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽显著低于对照组(P0.05)。超氧化物歧化酶活性则呈现上升的趋势,但各组间无显著差异,与超氧化物歧化酶变化趋势相反,过氧化氢酶在E2组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛的含量没有发生显著性变化。力竭运动训练结束后,黑棘鲷血清抑制羟自由基能力呈现显著下降的趋势,E2组最低,E1组次之,各组间差异具有显著性(P0.05)。蛋白质羰基含量出现上升,E2组显著高于其余两组(P0.05)。E1和E2组乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),E1组活性最高。综合考虑力竭运动对黑棘鲷的影响,每日一次力竭运动对黑棘鲷非特异性免疫和抗氧化机能有降低作用,而每日两次力竭运动则对机体造成了明显的氧化损伤。(3)有氧运动训练对不同规格黑棘鲷生长、抗氧化能力和放流成活率影响本研究探讨2周有氧运动训练(2bl/s)对4种不同规格黑棘鲷(4-5cm,5-6cm,6-7cm,7-8cm)的生长、肝脏和肌肉抗氧化能力影响。结果显示,4-5cm体长组的生长率最高。训练组肝脏总抗氧化能力在6-7cm和7-8cm体长组最高,显著高于其余两组(P0.05)。肝脏过氧化氢酶活性在各组间没有显著性差异,训练组7-8cm体长组的谷胱甘肽含量最高。肌肉总抗氧化能力在6-7cm体长组提升最明显,显著高于非训练组(P0.05)。训练组其余三个体长组肌肉丙二醛含量显著低于4-5cm体长组。训练结束后,将各规格黑棘鲷进行为期1个月模拟放流实验。结果表明,无捕食者时,非训练组体长为4-5cm和5-6cm的黑棘鲷成活率最低,训练组的各体长组黑棘鲷成活率基本一致,接近100%。有捕食者时,非训练组和训练组的4-5cm体长组的黑棘鲷成活率均为0,5-6cm体长组成活率亦不超过50%,规格较大两组的成活率最高。为确保较高的放流存活率,黑棘鲷的增殖放流苗种应选择大于7cm的个体。(4)有氧运动训练对斜带石斑鱼生长、非特异性免疫和抗氧化能力的影响为探讨运动训练对斜带石斑鱼(E.coioides)非特异性免疫功能以及生长参数的影响,本研究将斜带石斑鱼放置在4个运动强度(对照组0bl/s、0.5 bl/s、1.0 bl/s和2.0 bl/s)中进行8周的训练实验。结果表明,1.0bl/s运动强度对斜带石斑鱼的特定生长率、增重率和成活率有显著提高作用(P0.05)。血清中总蛋白、球蛋白、补体C3含量和溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶活性随运动强度的增加先上升后下降,其中1.0bl/s组显著高于其它组(P0.05),而血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性先下降后上升,其中1.0bl/s组显著低于其它组(P0.05),白蛋白和补体C4含量无显著性差异。肝脏总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性随运动强度的增加也呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在1.0bl/s组中活性显著高于其它组(P0.05)。8周运动训练对肝脏HSP70 mRNA表达水平有显著影响,1.0bl/s组显著高于其它组(P0.05)。结果表明,1.0bl/s运动强度可提高斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的生长速度、增强血液非特异性免疫功能和肝脏抗氧化能力,上调HSP 70mRNA表达水平。
[Abstract]:Sparus macrocephala and Epinephelus coioides are the main high-quality economic fish in Daya Bay, and the fine variety of the coastal proliferation and release is important for ecological restoration and resource conservation. Under the condition of intensive cultivation, the artificial breeding of the seedling-releasing seedlings has limited activity space, and the swimming activity intensity is reduced, so that the fat accumulation, the anti-stress and the immunity of the fish body are reduced, and the survival suitability of the natural environment water body is obviously weaker than that of the wild individuals, and the flow effect is influenced. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of the high-quality seed-releasing seedlings of the black acanthurus and the oblique-band grouper, and enhance the immune function of the flow-releasing seedlings so as to improve the flow-and-flow effect. The effects of different swimming training methods on the growth and anti-oxidative immunity of the black acanthochromis and the oblique-band grouper, and the effects of the exercise training on the different specifications of the black acanthurus are explored. At the same time, the appropriate discharge specifications are selected. (1) The effect of aerobic exercise on the growth, non-specific immunity and anti-oxidation ability of the black acanthurus (S. macrocephala) was studied. The four water flow rates of the control group (0 bl/ s, body length/ second) and the training group (1.0 bl/ s, 2.0 bl/ s and 4.0 bl/ s) were designed. The effects of 2-week swimming training on the growth, non-specific immunity and anti-oxidation of the black acanthurus were discussed. The main results were as follows: the specific growth rate and the weight gain rate of the training group decreased significantly (P0.05), and the survival rate of the 4.0 bl/ s group was the lowest (P0.05). Under the strength of 2.0 bl/ s, the blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly (P0.05), while the total protein, albumin, globulin, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, The total anti-oxidative and glutathione levels of the serum increased significantly (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the content of superoxide dismutase, hydrogen peroxide, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the group of protein (P <0.05), and no significant effect on the activity of lysozyme. There was no significant effect of exercise training on the total antioxidant capacity and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of glutathione, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and catalase exhibited a tendency to increase. The non-specific immune indexes of the growth, serum and liver of the snapper are considered, and the immune function of the snapper is most beneficial when the intensity of the swimming training is 2.0 bl/ s. (2) The effect of exhaustive exercise on the growth, non-specific immunity and anti-oxidation ability of the black acanthurus was studied in 3 experimental groups (group C: control group, E1: once-time exhaustive training, E2: two-time exhaustive training), and the growth of the black acanthurus was studied by two-week exhaustive exercise. The effect of non-specific immunity and anti-oxidation index. The results showed no significant difference in the growth of the exhaustive training group and the control group. Compared with the control group, the levels of blood glucose and total cholesterol in the E1 and E2 groups decreased significantly (P0.05). The content of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase was the lowest in the E1 group and the highest in the E2 group. Total protein, globulin, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were the first and the highest in the E1 group. The total antioxidant capacity and the glutathione of the training group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a tendency to increase, but there was no significant difference among the groups, but the change of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower in the E2 group than in the control group (P0.05). There was no significant change in the content of glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde (MDA). After the end of exhaustive exercise training, the inhibition of hydroxyl free radical in the serum of the snapper was a significant decrease, and the lowest in the E2 group and the second in the E1 group, and the difference among the groups was significant (P0.05). The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the E1 and E2 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), and the activity of E1 group was the highest. The effects of exhaustive exercise on the non-specific and anti-oxidative functions of the black acanthurus were considered, and the two-time exhaustive exercise resulted in significant oxidative damage to the body. (3) The effects of aerobic exercise on the growth, anti-oxidation and survival rate of different specifications of black acanthurus (2 bl/ s) were discussed in this study. The effects of 2-week aerobic exercise training (2 bl/ s) on the growth, liver and muscle oxidation resistance of four different specifications of black acanthurus (4-5 cm,5-6 cm,6-7 cm,7-8 cm) were studied. The results showed that the growth rate of the 4-5 cm body was the highest. The total antioxidant capacity of the liver in the training group was the highest in the 6-7 cm and 7-8 cm body, and was significantly higher than the other two groups (P0.05). The activity of catalase in the liver was not significantly different among the groups, and the content of glutathione in the 7-8 cm body of the training group was the highest. The total anti-oxidation ability of the muscle was most obvious in the 6-7cm body-length group, which was significantly higher than that of the non-training group (P0.05). The content of MDA in the remaining three body-length groups of the training group was significantly lower than that of the 4-5 cm body. At the end of the training, a 1-month simulation and flow-out experiment was carried out for each specification of black acanthrene. The results showed that the survival rate of the non-training group was 4-5 cm and 5-6 cm, and the survival rate of the black acanthochromis in the training group was the lowest. The survival rate of the black acanthurus in the 4-5 cm body length group of the non-training group and the training group was 0, the survival rate of the 5-6 cm body-length group was not more than 50%, and the survival rate of the two groups was the highest. In order to ensure a higher survival rate, the proliferation and release of the black acanthochromis species should be more than 7 cm. (4) The effects of the exercise training on the non-specific immune function and the growth parameters of the E. coioides were discussed. The study was carried out in 4 exercise intensity (0 bl/ s, 0.5 bl/ s, 1.0 bl/ s and 2.0 bl/ s) for 8-week training. The results showed that the specific growth rate, weight gain rate and survival rate of the 1.0 bl/ s exercise intensity were significantly higher than that of the oblique-band grouper (P0.05). The activity of total protein, globulin, complement C3 and lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the serum increased with the increase of the exercise intensity, and the activity of the 1.0 bl/ s group was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of albumin and complement C4 in the 1.0 bl/ s group than in the other groups (P0.05). The activity of the catalase and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver increased with the increase of the exercise intensity, and the activity in the 1.0 bl/ s group was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P0.05). The 8-week exercise training had a significant effect on the level of HSP70 mRNA expression in the liver. The 1.0-bl/ s group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P0.05). The results showed that the motion intensity of 1.0 bl/ s can increase the growth rate of the juvenile fish, enhance the non-specific immune function of the blood and the anti-oxidation ability of the liver, and increase the expression level of the HSP 70.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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