俄汉语动词体的范畴对比

发布时间：2018-01-04 23:21

本文关键词：俄汉语动词体的范畴对比　出处：《上海外国语大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本论文致力于俄汉语动词体的对比。根据普通体学的原理,将体定义为:体是动词所表示的行为在其内部时间中的某一阶段所表现出来的运动特点和分布特点(行为指广义上的行为,包括表示行为、动作、状态以及关系等比状态更为抽象的东西在内的动词,有的学者称为“动作行为”,有的成为“动作”或“行为”,本文统称为“行为”)。体范畴表达手段上有广义和狭义两种解释。狭义体范畴将其界定为动词范畴,用添加前缀、后缀或变化中间元音的方法来表示。俄语体的语法范畴是:由表达体的不同语法意义的语法形式列构成的对立系统。两列动词在形式上借助前缀、后缀或词根相互区别。广义体范畴是指体的功能语义范畴,范畴语义表达在有语法体的语言中,以体的语法形式为主,包括词汇、构词、句法等各种语言层次的手段。而在没有语法体的语言中,即缺乏形式变化的语言中,广义体范畴的主要通过词的词汇意义和行为方式等手段来表达。选取动词的体范畴作为本文的对比研究对象,有以下几点原因: 首先,在俄语中,相较于其它语法范畴动词的体范畴作为中心范畴,占据着特殊的位置,具体表现为:动词的体范畴覆盖了全部动词,尽管动词的态范畴也同样覆盖了全部动词,但是体范畴却限制了态的范畴意义的实现方式。除此外在正确理解体的范畴意义的前提下,才可以准确理解其它范畴的意义,才可以选取实现其它体范畴意义的正确的语法形式。所以,从某种程度上可以讲,体范畴是第一性的,而动词的其它范畴是第二性的。所以正确理解解释俄语动词的体范畴,是深入理解俄语动词的切入点。其次,汉语是一种缺乏严格意义上的形态变化的语言,而语法范畴又称形态范畴恰恰是由词的形态变化来体现。因此很多人对汉语中是否能够构建语法范畴表示疑义。但是,在汉语中,确实存在“着、了、过”等具有表示动作行为的进行和完成等语法意义,这是众所周知的语言事实。而究竟该如何看待和解释说明这个语言事实,即能否说明该语言现象的来源,能否够构建体范畴,我们认为,范畴是对一定语法形式所表现出来的语法意义的概括,构建语法范畴的目的是为了说明语言中种种现象和特点,既然汉语动词可以通过附加“着,了,过”等语法形式来表示动作所处过程和状态这类语法意义,因此完全可以而且应该建立一
[Abstract]:This thesis is devoted to the contrastive study of verb aspect in Russian and Chinese. Aspect is defined as the movement and distribution of the behavior represented by a verb at a certain stage of its internal time (behavior refers to a broad sense of behavior, including the expression of behavior, action. Some scholars call the verb "action behavior", some as "action" or "behavior", which is called "behavior" in this paper. There are two interpretations in aspect category: broad sense and narrow sense. It is defined as verb category by adding prefix. The grammatical category of Russian style is the opposite system composed of grammatical form columns of different grammatical meanings of expressing aspect, and the two columns of verbs use prefixes in form. The broad aspect category refers to the functional semantic category of the aspect, which is expressed in the language with grammatical aspect, mainly in the grammatical form of aspect, including vocabulary and word formation. In the language without grammatical aspect, that is, in the absence of formal change, the broad aspect category is mainly expressed by the lexical meaning and behavior of words. There are several reasons for the contrastive study of the aspect category of verbs in this paper. First of all, compared with other grammatical categories, the aspect category of the verb occupies a special position, which shows that the aspect category of the verb covers all the verbs. Although the verb category also covers all verbs, the aspect category limits the realization of the category meaning of the state, except for the premise of correctly understanding the category meaning of the aspect. Only then can the meaning of other categories be accurately understood and the correct grammatical form of realizing the meaning of other aspect categories can be selected. Therefore, to some extent, aspect categories are primary. The other categories of verbs are secondary, so a correct understanding of the aspect category of Russian verbs is the entry point for further understanding Russian verbs. Secondly, Chinese is a language that lacks formal changes in the strict sense. The grammatical category, which is also called morphological category, is reflected by the morphological change of words. Therefore, many people doubt whether the grammatical category can be constructed in Chinese. This is a well-known linguistic fact, and how to interpret and explain the linguistic fact, that is, whether the source of the linguistic phenomenon can be explained. We believe that category is a generalization of grammatical meaning expressed by certain grammatical forms, and the purpose of constructing grammatical category is to explain various phenomena and characteristics in language. Since Chinese verbs can express the grammatical meaning of the process and state of the action by adding the grammatical forms of "go, go, pass", it is perfectly possible and appropriate to establish a
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：H35

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