培养中国学俄语学生交际能力的研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 17:02

本文关键词： 培养中国学俄语学生交际能力研究　出处：《上海外国语大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 随着社会的进步与发展,世界各国各民族之间的交流与合作日益增强,外语作为交际工具在现代社会生活中发挥着重要的作用。为了顺利实现交际目的,操外语者不仅要具备牢固的外语语言知识,更要具备必要的外语交际能力。不具备交际能力的外语人才已经不能满足我国改革开放和扩大对外交流的需要。培养学生的交际能力是为社会发展的必然要求。针对我国学生交际能力薄弱的现状,本文在分析了交际能力概念和交际能力结构的基础上,提出培养学生交际能力的一些措施。学习外语的目的不仅要掌握语言知识,而且要在获得知识的基础上形成交际能力。中国传统的词汇-语法教学方式培养了学生较高的阅读和翻译能力,却忽略了培养学生外语交际能力,所以,研究培养学生交际能力的问题具有积极的现实意义。自Д.海姆斯提出交际能力这个术语以来,“什么是交际能力”就成为了许多语言学家关注的对象,作者在研究已有的概念基础上认为:交际能力是指在不同活动领域运用外语手段实现言语行为的能力,正确使用语言和言语规范,正确选择符合交际目的和语境的交际策略的能力。交际能力不仅是学习的目的,同时也是学习的内容。对于交际能力的结构因素,学术界一直存在分歧,文章综合了几位学者(Д.海姆斯、С.萨维奥恩、Р.П.米尔鲁特、Л.Ф.巴赫曼)及欧洲委员会关于全欧交际能力的观点,认为交际能力应该包括语言能力、社会文化能力、语用能力、策略能力和认知能力,并对这五种基本能力之间的相互关系进行了阐述。在培养学生交际能力的问题上作者认为,交际能力是一种综合能力,它所包含的每种能力都有着不同的特征,所以,培养学生的交际能力就应该从培养每种基本能力开始,最终达到交际能力水平的整体提高。文章在研究培养中国学生俄语语言能力、社会文化能力、语用能力、策略能力和认知能力时指出:培养学生语言能力应该培养他们科学的语言观,使他们掌握系统的语言学知识,而且培养学生的语言能力还应注意俄汉语言的对比,通过比较使学生明确汉语与俄语的差异,进而更好地掌握俄语;培养学生社会文化能力则要注重俄语与汉语语言中的民族文化方面的背景知识比较,增进跨语言交际能力,规避交际中的失误;培养学生的语用能力需要向学生传授基本的语用学知识,并通过学习原文材料以及加强语言实践来实现;培养学生的策略能力就使学生掌握一定的交际策略,并使学生能够在交际出现障碍时合理运用策略解决问题;培养学生的认知能力要在比较中俄学生认知差异的基础上培养学生的认知行为。教师在培养学生交际能力过程中应充分发挥组织者和引导者的作用,为学生创造更多的使用语言的机会和更适合外语学习的交际情景。最后文章强调交际能力是语言能力、社会文化能力、语用能力、策略能力和认知能力的综合体现,而且,交际能力不是自然形成的,只有通过长期的实践和锻炼才能获得和提高。提高中国学生的俄语交际能力还面临着很多亟待解决的问题。
[Abstract]:With the social progress and development, exchanges and cooperation between nations is increasing, as a communicative tool, language plays an important role in modern society. In order to achieve the purpose of communication, English speakers should not only have solid knowledge of foreign language, but also to have the necessary language communicative competence does not have communication. The ability of foreign language talents has been unable to meet China's reform and opening up and expanding foreign exchange needs. The cultivation of students' communicative competence is the inevitable requirement of social development.
In view of the weak communication ability of Chinese students, based on the analysis of the concept of communicative competence and the structure of communicative competence, this paper puts forward some measures to cultivate students' communicative competence.
The purpose of learning a foreign language should not only master the language knowledge and communicative competence, formed in the foundation of acquiring knowledge. The traditional ways of grammar teaching Chinese Vocabulary - training of students of higher reading and translating ability, but ignores the cultivation of students' communicative competence, therefore, is of great realistic significance to the Research on the cultivation of students' communicative competence. Since the family. Since hymes coined the term "what is communicative competence, communicative competence has become the object of many linguists, the author thinks the concept based on existing research: communicative competence refers to the ability to realize speech acts in different fields by means of language, the proper use of language and linguistic norms, correct choice ability meet the communicative purpose and context of communicative strategies. Communicative competence is not only the purpose of learning, but also learning content for the communication ability. Structural factors have differences in academic circles, this paper presents several scholars (part. Hymes, Savio Don. C, P. II. Mierlute, successfully. With Bachman) and the European Commission views on Europe of communicative competence, communicative competence that should include language ability, social cultural competence, pragmatic competence. Strategy ability and cognitive ability, and the relationship between the five basic abilities are expounded. In the cultivation of students' communicative ability on the issue. The author believes that communicative competence is a comprehensive ability, each kind of ability which contains all have different characteristics, therefore, to cultivate students' communicative competence should be from cultivation of each kind of basic ability, improve the overall level of communicative competence to reach. The cultivation of students Chinese Russian language ability in research, social cultural competence, pragmatic competence, points out the strategy ability and cognitive ability, cultivate students' language Language ability should foster a scientific view of language, so that they can acquire linguistic knowledge system, and cultivate the students' language ability should also pay attention to the comparison between Russian and Chinese language, by comparing the differences of Chinese and Russian students make clear, so as to better grasp Russian; to cultivate students' social cultural competence will focus on Russian and Chinese language. The national culture background knowledge, enhance cross-cultural communication ability, to avoid errors in communication; the cultivation of students' pragmatic competence needs to teach students the basic knowledge of pragmatics, and through the study of the original material and strengthen language practice to cultivate students' ability of strategy implementation; makes students grasp certain communicative strategies, and make students in the communication obstacles when the reasonable use of strategies to solve the problem; cultivate the students' cognitive ability should be based on the difference between China and Russia on the cultivation of students' Cognition The cultivation of the students' cognitive behavior. Teachers should give full play to the role of organizer and guide in the process of cultivating students' communicative competence, create more opportunities for learners to use the language and is more suitable for learning a foreign language communicative situation. Then the paper emphasizes the communicative ability is the language competence, social cultural competence, pragmatic competence, strategic competence and comprehensive reflection the cognitive ability and communicative ability is not formed naturally, and improved only through long-term practice and training in order to improve the students' Chinese. Russian communicative competence is also facing a lot of problems to be solved.

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H35

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