俄语祈使语句语义分析

发布时间：2018-04-22 23:16

本文选题：俄语 + 祈使　；参考：《首都师范大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】：祈使语句在俄语中是一种复杂的、多层面的语言现象。很久以来，人们就开始了对它的研究，尤其是对具体祈使类别的划分，更是人们所关注的焦点。但是由于学者们的出发点和侧重点不同，所以迄今为止还没有一个令人满意的研究成果出现。本论文的写作目的也就是想对这个问题的解决作出一些自己的努力。针对祈使语义，传统的研究基本上只停留在祈使语句的字面意思上，包括一些词汇和语法等语言因素的使用方面，偶尔有人注意到了祈使语句的交际环境等语言外因素的影响，也只是靠直觉对祈使类别做了一些粗略的划分，并未更深入、更仔细地进行探讨。而笔者认为，要想对祈使语义的类别问题作出准确、合理的划分，除了要注意词汇、语法等语言因素外，最重要的则是应该详细地分析祈使语句使用时的语境要素，同时参考一些发话人的语调、语气以及表情等辅助性交际手段的选择。这也是本论文的论点所在。综观祈使语句使用时的全部语境要素，我们将对祈使语义的类别划分起决定性作用的因素称为区分要素，而另外一些不起决定性作用的因素，称为非区分要素。比如区分要素包括祈使行为发出的动机、根据、交际双方的地位等级关系、利益归属、执行主体的选择权、执行主体不执行行为的后果等；非区分要素包括意志主体，执行主体以及被执行客体等。由于非区分语境要素对区分祈使语义不起多大作用，所以在本论文中只做一个简单介绍，不需要进行仔细探讨，我们把研究的重点主要放在了对祈使语义类别划分起重要作用的区分要素上。依据以上观点，笔者将所有的祈使言语行为划分为四个一级类别：请求类、命令类、规劝类和指导类。同时依据祈使语句的使用和表达情况指出请求类、命令类和规劝类语句为祈使语义，而指导类语句为准祈使语义。另外根据语气的强弱程度和祈使意图等次要因素的区别，又可将各一级祈使类别划分出若干个具体的语义亚类。比如，请求类包括“请求”、“恳求”、俄语祈傀语句悟义分析 “央求”、“哀求”和“邀请”等亚类;命令类包括“命令”、“吩咐”、“号召”、“要求”、“允许”、“禁止”、“警告”、“威胁”等亚类;规劝类包括“劝告”、“建议”、“劝慰’，、“鼓励’，、“提醒”等亚类;指导类包括“说明”、“规则”、“告示”、“指南”等亚类。文中除使用语言手段进行论述外，还采用了图表、公式等形式对祈使语义及其类别作出了简单、明了的标识。本论文主要由目录、摘要、前言、四个章节、结论和参考文献构成。前言介绍本论文写作的宗旨、指导思想、意义、论点以及构成等情况。第一章介绍俄语祈使语句研究的历史和现状。第二章论述什么是语境以及语境对划分祈使类别的重要作用。第三章分析划分祈使语义类别的语境要素。第四章详细阐述祈使语义的类别及其各种表达手段。结论部分对全文内容进行简单扼要的总结并得出一些结论。限于篇幅原因，本论文仅从交际双方，即发话人和受话人，而且受话人仅仅是听话人的角度对俄语祈使语义的类别问题进行探讨。文中对于祈使类别的划分，也许有的不一定特别合适，但是笔者主要是想就这样比较复杂的语言学问题提供一种研究和解决的方式、方法。希望本论文的研究成果能够为俄语语言学的理论研究和实际应用以及俄语教学等活动提供可鉴之处。音都师范大李城士李位伦我
[Abstract]:Imperative statement is a complex and multidimensional language phenomenon in Russian . For a long time , people have begun to research on it , especially the division of concrete imperative categories , but also the focus of people ' s attention . However , since scholars have different starting point and focus , there is not yet a satisfactory result . The purpose of this paper is to make some efforts to solve the problem .

In view of imperative semantics , traditional research only stays on the literal meaning of imperative sentences , including the use of linguistic factors such as vocabulary and grammar , and occasionally some rough classification of imperative sentence is noticed .

On the basis of all the contextual elements of imperative sentence usage , we will refer to the factors which play a decisive role in the classification of the semantic categories , which are called non - discrimination elements , and other factors that do not play a decisive role are called non - discrimination elements . For example , the distinguishing feature includes the motivation of imperative behavior , the relationship between the status of the two parties , the attribution of interest , the choice of the executive subject , the consequences of the non - execution of the subject , etc . ;
The non - discrimination element includes the subject of will , the execution subject and the object to be executed . Because the non - discrimination context element does not play much role in differentiating between imperative semantics , only a brief introduction is made in this paper , and it is not necessary to study carefully . The emphasis of the research is put on the distinguishing feature that plays an important role in the division of semantic categories .

According to the above viewpoint , the author divides all kinds of imperative speech acts into four primary categories : request class , order class , regular advice class and guidance class . At the same time , according to the use and expression of imperative sentence , it points out that the request class , order class and persuasion class statement are imperative semantics , and the guidance class statement is the imperative to make the semantics .

The Analysis of the Meaning of Russian Enlightenment Statement

" beg " , " beg " and " invite " , etc . ; the order class includes " command " , " command " , " No . Subclasses , such as " call " , " requirement " , " permission " , " prohibited " , " warning " , " threat " , etc ; advice , advice , advice , encouragement ' , ' reminder ' , etc . ; the guidelines include ' notes ' , ' rules Subclasses , such as " , " " notice " , " guide " , etc . are also used in addition to the use of linguistic means .

The form of graph , formula and so on makes a simple and clear sign for imperative semantics and its categories .

This thesis consists of four chapters , summary , preface , four chapters , conclusions and references .

The preface introduces the purpose , guiding ideology , meaning , argument and constitution of this paper .

The first chapter introduces the history and present situation of Russian imperative sentence study .

The second chapter deals with the context and context , which plays an important role in the division of imperative categories .

The third chapter analyzes the context elements that divide the semantic categories .

Chapter Four elaborates on the category of imperative semantics and its various means of expression .

Conclusion The summary of the whole content is briefly summarized and some conclusions are drawn .

For length reasons , this thesis is only from the communicative parties , namely , the outgoing person and the receiver , but also

Human only is the listener ' s angle to the Russian imperative of the category of the semantic category .

This paper may not be particularly suitable for the classification of imperative categories , but the author mainly

in ord to provide a study and solution to such a relatively complex linguistic problem , method .

It is expected that the research results of this thesis can be the theoretical research and practical application of Russian linguistics and Russian teaching

Activities such as learning can be authenticated .

Li Zhenren , a teacher of the Great Lee City , a teacher

【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：H35

【引证文献】