谈现代俄罗斯报刊中的口语构词手段

发布时间：2018-07-01 12:28

本文选题：报刊政论语体 + 口语构词手段　；参考：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知，报刊语言涉及经济、政治、社会、科学、文化等诸多方面，正如时代的一面镜子，全方位地、及时地反映俄语中发生的变革，反映社会的现实，最集中、最鲜明地体现“时代的语言风尚”（В.Г. Костомаров，时代的语言风尚，圣彼得堡，1999）。而词汇又是报刊语言中最活跃、变化最明显的层面，其中口语化词汇更是被政论家和新闻工作者用作言语表现力方式。这些词汇简洁生动，不仅表明某些社会现象，同时赋予其某种特定的感情评价，表达着人们对客观现实的态度。因此，研究现代俄罗斯报刊中的口语构词手段不仅有助于我们了解现代俄语发展趋势及发展规律，而且能够丰富有关俄语及俄罗斯文化方面的知识，进而了解俄罗斯的今天和昨天。一些学者，如Клушина Н.Д.， Костомаров В.Г.， Виноградов В.В.等，早已对报刊政论语体作了研究并发表有相关论著。但对近些年报刊政论语体中出现的语言新现象，尤其是对口语构词手段的系统研究不多，成果有限。本文采用最新的报刊语料（《共青团真理报》、《劳动报》、《论据与事实》、《独立报》、《消息报》等俄罗斯知名报刊），采用文献资料分析比较法、数量统计法、归纳演绎法等，系统深入地总结归纳新时期俄语报刊语言中积极使用的口语构词手段，旨在研究俄语，尤其是俄语报刊政论语体在新时期的最新发展变化，以揭示现代俄语在语言外部因素作用下的动态及其变化规律，探讨俄语报刊语言的新特征，并透过语言这面镜子来折射出俄罗斯社会的种种变迁。全文由以下几个部分构成：引言、三个章节、结语及参考书目。第一章为口语与报刊政论语体的概述，本章是全篇的理论基础，阐述了文中涉及的几个概念，如“口语”、“报刊政论语体”等，并描述了当今俄罗斯社会中口语对现代俄罗斯报刊政论语体所产生的影响。在现代语言学中，口语仍是一个有争议的术语，因为人们对口头言语的见解因人而异。多数语言学家认为该语体具备以下基本特征：自发性、口头形式、表现力强；不仅使用中性词，也使用低俗的手段，派生能力强等等。总体来说，口语是语言更新变化的源泉。口语与报刊语言之间的相互渗透，口语词汇在报刊政论语体中的积极运用由来已久，只是时强时弱而已，主要取决于该语体自身的特点以及语言外部因素。第二章分析了现代俄罗斯报刊中积极运用的口语构词手段，包括凝缩后缀法，截短法，词缀法以及其他一些不变化语言单位。自上世纪末到本世纪初，积极运用于报刊政论语体中的口语构词手段可构成名词，形容词和动词，由于论文篇幅有限，文中主要介绍名词的口语构词手段。名词在构成新词总数中占有极大一部分。其中加后缀组成的词语最为常见：构成名词最积极使用的后缀有-чик/-щик,-ец/-овец,-ик,以及-щин(а)等。凝缩后缀法和截短法是口语特有的名词构词手段，两种方法的活跃完全符合语言的经济原则和现代的社会因素。第三章分析了口语构词手段在现代俄罗斯报刊中履行的功能及其合理运用。近20年来，口语构词手段所构成的词汇频繁出现在报刊政论语体中。原因当然是多方面的。除了超语言因素外，这与此类词汇在报刊政论语体中所发挥的功能是密切相关的。与中性词汇相比，口语构词手段赋予了这些词汇更多的修辞潜能，比如鲜明的感情表现色彩，低俗性，评价性和新颖性等。同时，我们还对由口语构词手段构成的词汇在报刊政论语体中的合理运用做了特别的说明。基于上述研究，得出了以下结论：语言的内外因素促使21世纪初的报刊语言发生变革。首先，口语构词手段近十年来凭借自身特性，作为报刊语言的主要表现力手段在现代俄罗斯报刊中得到积极使用，，发挥了突出的作用，产生了所需的修辞效果。其次，口语构词手段构成的词汇得以广泛应用并受编者青睐，值得我们特别关注：它们为报刊语言增添了新的音符，增强了语篇的表现力，突出表现了当代俄罗斯社会现状，包括人们价值取向的改变。还需注意的是，此类词汇在报刊政论语体中使用时必须遵循特定的原则，区分轻重和分寸，因为不合理地使用此类词语能破坏报刊语言功能语体的结构，最终导致读者无法正确理解报刊语言。该课题的研究成果有助于语言学，尤其是功能修辞学的发展，可为俄语报刊政论语体的深入研究提供宝贵的材料；同时可以帮助读者更好地了解新时期的俄语，更准确地理解和掌握俄语最新词汇，克服俄文报刊阅读理解的障碍。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the language of newspapers and periodicals involves economic, political, social, scientific, cultural and other aspects. As a mirror of the times, the changes in Russian are reflected in a full and timely manner, reflecting the reality of the society, the most concentrated, and the most vivid expression of the language style of the times, Szentpeter. Fort, 1999). And vocabulary is the most active and most obvious change in the language of newspapers and periodicals, in which colloquial words are used by political critics and journalists as verbal expressive means. These words are concise and vivid, which not only show some social phenomena, but also give them certain emotional evaluations and express the attitude of the people to the objective reality.
Therefore, the study of colloquial word formation in modern Russian newspapers and periodicals will not only help us understand the development trend of modern Russian and the law of development, but also enrich the knowledge about Russian and Russian culture, and then understand Russia's today and yesterday.
Some scholars have already studied the body of newspapers and newspapers and published some relevant treatises. However, the new phenomenon of language in the political discourse in recent annual reports, especially the systematic study of the means of word formation, is limited.
This article uses the latest newspapers and periodicals ("the Communist Youth League truth", "the labor Newspaper >", "the argument and the facts >", "the independent newspaper >" and "the news newspaper", and so on. It adopts the literature analysis and comparison method, the quantitative statistics method, the inductive deduction method and so on, and systematically summarizes and summarizes the active spoken word formation means in the Russian newspapers and periodicals in the new period. In the study of the latest developments in the Russian language, especially the Russian newspapers and periodicals, in order to reveal the dynamic and changing rules of the modern Russian language under the external factors of language, the new features of the Russian newspapers and periodicals are discussed and the changes in Russian society are reflected through the mirror. The full text is composed of the following parts. Cheng: introduction, three chapters, conclusion and bibliography.
The first chapter is an overview of the colloquial and newspaper political corpus. This chapter is the theoretical basis of the whole article, and expounds several concepts involved in the text, such as "spoken language", "newspapers and magazines" and so on, and describes the influence of spoken language in Russian society on the production of modern Russian newspapers and periodicals.
In modern linguistics, spoken language is still a controversial term because people differ from people on oral speech. Most linguists believe that the language has the following basic characteristics: spontaneity, oral form and expressive power; not only the use of neutral words, but also the use of vulgar means, strong derivation, and so on. Generally speaking, spoken language is The source of the change of language and the interpenetration of the spoken language and the language of the newspapers and periodicals, the active application of the spoken words in the newspapers and periodicals has a long history, but only when it is strong and weak, mainly depends on the characteristics of the language itself and the external factors of the language.
The second chapter analyzes the spoken word formation methods used in modern Russian newspapers and periodicals, including condensed suffix, truncation, affixes and other unchanging language units.
From the end of the last century to the beginning of the century, the spoken word formation means used to be used in the language of newspapers and newspapers can form nouns, adjectives and verbs. Because the text of the paper is limited, the spoken word formation means of nouns are mainly introduced.
Nouns occupy a great part of the total number of new words. The most active words with the suffix are the most active suffixes that are the most active use of the noun. Economic principles and modern social factors.
The third chapter analyzes the functions and reasonable application of oral word formation in modern Russian newspapers and periodicals.
In the last 20 years, the vocabulary of the means of spoken word formation has frequently appeared in the style of newspapers and periodicals. Of course, there are many reasons. In addition to the super language factors, this is closely related to the functions of such words in the political discourse of newspapers and periodicals. Compared with neutral words, the means of colloquial words give these words more rhetorical potential. Such as the vivid expression of color, vulgarity, evaluation and novelty. At the same time, we have also made a special explanation of the rational use of words made up of the means of word formation in the style of newspapers and periodicals.
Based on the above research, the following conclusions are drawn.
The internal and external factors of language have led to the change in the language of newspapers and periodicals at the beginning of the twenty-first Century. First, by virtue of its own characteristics, oral word formation has been used as the main expressive means of the newspaper language in the modern Russian newspapers and periodicals in the last ten years. It has played a prominent role and produced the rhetorical effects. Secondly, the composition of spoken words is made up of spoken words. The vocabulary is widely used and favored by the editor. It is worth paying special attention to: they add new notes to the newspapers and periodicals, enhance the expressive force of the text, highlight the present situation of the Russian society, including the changes in the value orientation of the people. It is also important to note that this kind of vocabulary must be followed in the use of the newspapers and newspapers. Specific principles, the distinction between the light and the heavy and the discretion, because the irrational use of such words can destroy the structure of the language of the newspapers and periodicals, and ultimately lead to the reader's failure to understand the language of the newspapers and periodicals correctly.
The research results of the subject are helpful to the development of linguistics, especially the functional rhetoric, which can provide valuable materials for the in-depth study of Russian newspapers and periodicals, at the same time, it can help readers to better understand the Russian language in the new period, understand and master the latest Russian vocabulary more accurately, and overcome the obstacles to the reading and understanding of the Russian newspapers and periodicals.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G219.512;H35

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