现代俄语中非术语化词汇的民族文化语义
发布时间：2018-07-18 13:46
【摘要】： 语言随着社会的变化发展而不断的变化发展着,而词汇是语言诸要素中最敏感,最活跃的部分。语言的演变和发展首先表现在词汇的变化上面。近年来,由于科技的进步,人们知识领域的扩大,受教育程度的提高和现代生活的多样化发展,术语词和非术语词处于不断的转换过程之中,由此就产生了术语词非术语化和非术语词术语化的语言现象。所谓术语化,简单来说就是指某一词汇单位由普通词语范畴向术语范畴的过渡;而非术语化则是与其相反的过程,即专业术语词汇转变为普通词汇的过程。术语化与非术语化现象是现代语言中的一个比较突出的现象。 在现代俄语中,术语词汇进入一般常用语或者一般常用语词汇进入术语词汇并不是新的现象,早从19世纪30-40年代开始,俄语标准语中就开始吸收术语词汇了。术语的非术语化,也称为术语泛化,通常是通过科技术语和行业术语的借用,将其专业语义扩大到常用语中,并衍生出非专业的转义或转义用法。 本论文主要依据Е.М.Верещагин和В.Г.Костамаров提出的词汇背景理论,对现代俄语中非术语化词汇进行民族文化语义分析。由于国内外学者对此研究不多,因此该分析具有一定的语言学及语言文化学意义。 本论文由前言、主要内容(共三章)、结尾和附录组成: 在前言中,阐述了本文选题的目的、研究意义,以及国内外的研究现状和论文的新意等。 第一章主要对与非术语化相关的一些概念进行界说,如术语、术语学等;并对科技术语的基本特点进行了概括和总结,从而厘清概念,为以下分析奠定基础。 第二章首先是对术语与通用词汇的关系进行了讨论,然后通过对比《俄语常用词词典》和《俄汉科技大词典》,以对术语化和非术语化词汇的比重进行定量分析。研究表明,俄语常用语中,术语化词汇占有绝对优势,而非术语化词汇所占的比重较小。在此基础上,论文对非术语化现象的原因(包括语言外因素,如科技发展、社会进步等,以及语言内因素,如俄语的构词特点等)进行了审视。 第三章对与民族文化语义相关的概念、关系等进行了梳理,如语言与文化的关系,词汇背景与科学背景等。然后着重对非术语化词汇的词汇背景和科技背景进行了较全面的论述;最后对非术语化词汇在现代俄语中的一些特点和效果等进行实例分析。 在结尾部分给出了本文的结论,并就本问题的研究前景等提出了个人的意见。
[Abstract]:Language changes with the development of society, and vocabulary is the most sensitive and active part of language. The evolution and development of language are mainly reflected in the change of vocabulary. In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, the expansion of the field of people's knowledge, the improvement of education and the diversification of modern life, the terminology and non-term words are in the process of continuous transformation. Therefore, the linguistic phenomenon of non-terminological and non-nomenclature-nomenclature comes into being. Terminology, in short, refers to the transition of a lexical unit from the category of common words to the category of terms, while the non-nomenclature is the opposite process, that is, the process of transforming professional terminology into general vocabulary. The phenomenon of nomenclature and non-nomenclature is a prominent phenomenon in modern language. In modern Russian, it is not a new phenomenon that the term vocabulary enters into the general common language or the general common term vocabulary. As early as the 1930s and 1940s, the Russian standard language began to absorb the term vocabulary. Non-terminology, also known as term generalization, is usually extended to common terms through the borrowing of scientific and technical terms and industry terms, and derived non-professional escape or escape usage. Based on the lexical background theory put forward by the author, this paper makes a semantic analysis of modern non-terminological vocabulary in Russian. Since there are few researches on this issue at home and abroad, this analysis has certain linguistic and linguistic cultural significance. This thesis is composed of preface, main contents (three chapters), ending and appendix. In the preface, the purpose of this thesis, the significance of the research, the current research situation at home and abroad and the new ideas of the thesis are expounded. The first chapter defines some concepts related to non-terminology, such as terminology, terminology and so on, and generalizes and summarizes the basic characteristics of scientific and technological terms, so as to clarify the concept and lay a foundation for the following analysis. The second chapter first discusses the relationship between terms and common vocabulary, and then, by comparing the Russian Dictionary of Common words and the Great Dictionary of Russian and Chinese Science and Technology, the author makes a quantitative analysis of the proportion of terminology and non-terminology. The research shows that the terminological vocabulary occupies the absolute advantage, while the non-nomenclature vocabulary occupies a relatively small proportion. On this basis, the paper examines the causes of non-terminological phenomena (including external factors, such as the development of science and technology, social progress, as well as intra-linguistic factors, such as the characteristics of Russian word-formation, etc.). The third chapter combs the concepts and relations related to the semantics of national culture, such as the relationship between language and culture, lexical background and scientific background. Then, the author makes a comprehensive discussion on the lexical background and the scientific background of the non-nomenclature vocabulary, and finally analyzes some characteristics and effects of the non-nomenclature vocabulary in modern Russian. At the end, the conclusion of this paper is given, and some personal opinions on the future of this problem are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H35
本文编号：2132088
[Abstract]:Language changes with the development of society, and vocabulary is the most sensitive and active part of language. The evolution and development of language are mainly reflected in the change of vocabulary. In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, the expansion of the field of people's knowledge, the improvement of education and the diversification of modern life, the terminology and non-term words are in the process of continuous transformation. Therefore, the linguistic phenomenon of non-terminological and non-nomenclature-nomenclature comes into being. Terminology, in short, refers to the transition of a lexical unit from the category of common words to the category of terms, while the non-nomenclature is the opposite process, that is, the process of transforming professional terminology into general vocabulary. The phenomenon of nomenclature and non-nomenclature is a prominent phenomenon in modern language. In modern Russian, it is not a new phenomenon that the term vocabulary enters into the general common language or the general common term vocabulary. As early as the 1930s and 1940s, the Russian standard language began to absorb the term vocabulary. Non-terminology, also known as term generalization, is usually extended to common terms through the borrowing of scientific and technical terms and industry terms, and derived non-professional escape or escape usage. Based on the lexical background theory put forward by the author, this paper makes a semantic analysis of modern non-terminological vocabulary in Russian. Since there are few researches on this issue at home and abroad, this analysis has certain linguistic and linguistic cultural significance. This thesis is composed of preface, main contents (three chapters), ending and appendix. In the preface, the purpose of this thesis, the significance of the research, the current research situation at home and abroad and the new ideas of the thesis are expounded. The first chapter defines some concepts related to non-terminology, such as terminology, terminology and so on, and generalizes and summarizes the basic characteristics of scientific and technological terms, so as to clarify the concept and lay a foundation for the following analysis. The second chapter first discusses the relationship between terms and common vocabulary, and then, by comparing the Russian Dictionary of Common words and the Great Dictionary of Russian and Chinese Science and Technology, the author makes a quantitative analysis of the proportion of terminology and non-terminology. The research shows that the terminological vocabulary occupies the absolute advantage, while the non-nomenclature vocabulary occupies a relatively small proportion. On this basis, the paper examines the causes of non-terminological phenomena (including external factors, such as the development of science and technology, social progress, as well as intra-linguistic factors, such as the characteristics of Russian word-formation, etc.). The third chapter combs the concepts and relations related to the semantics of national culture, such as the relationship between language and culture, lexical background and scientific background. Then, the author makes a comprehensive discussion on the lexical background and the scientific background of the non-nomenclature vocabulary, and finally analyzes some characteristics and effects of the non-nomenclature vocabulary in modern Russian. At the end, the conclusion of this paper is given, and some personal opinions on the future of this problem are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H35
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 丹永梅;俄罗斯文学作品中的非术语化现象[D];苏州大学;2011年
2 沈洁;俄汉宗教术语泛化现象[D];苏州大学;2012年
，本文编号：2132088
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/waiyulunwen/eyulunwen/2132088.html
