跨文化交际下的先例名

发布时间：2018-07-16 21:08

【摘要】：二十世纪一门新的跨人文学科领域——语言文化学，得到快速的发展，它所研究的核心是语言与文化的相互关系。一个语言文化共同体的语言意义系统是形成于该社会交际过程中的文化模板的反映，并且和该母语携带者的文化范畴是相互作用的。巴赫金认为：“跨文化交际就是不同语言民族文化共同体语言个性之间的交流，跟其他交际一样，是言语意识的相互作用”。跨文化交际是具有不同文化成员之间的交际，是两个或者更多文化或者文化产物之间的交际。其实质就是不同语言上的文化对话。跨文化交际过程的主要目的是必要的正确的互相理解，没有这种相互理解整个交际过程就失去了意义。当交际者有不同的民族文化时会出现跨文化交际问题。就算非常了解外语也不能避免互不理解而引起与操本语言者之间的冲突。因此，掌握一个语言文化共同体文化基础是交际成功的必要条件。综上所述，了解和学习先例名称是快速掌握这个目的的有效方法之一。正如库德科夫所说：“每一个先例名称后面都隐藏着该先例名称所指的‘文化对象物’的接受常量”。（Гудков,1998:83）先例名是是有称名和符号功能的语言文化单位，能够传递文化信息。了解那些被一个语言文化共同体大部分人所熟知的先例名称，交际者在任何时候都能达到互相理解，因为谈的都是同样为他们所熟知的名称，不需要任何的解释。所以，掌握先例名称有助于我们理解一个民族的文化物，最终有效地实现跨文化交际。库德科夫认为：“先例名称是这样一些个体名称，他们或者1）与广为人知的文本相关联，通常这些文本都是先例文本；或者2）与先例情景相关，这些先例情景为操本语言者所熟知，并且作为先例物而起作用。”（Гудков,1998:83）“这是一种复杂的符号，在交际过程中使用它实现的不是对指称本身的诉求，而是对该先例名称所代表的区分性特征集的诉求”。（Красных,2003:172）先例名称是先例现象四种形式之一，其他几种形式还有先例文本、先例表述和先例情景。当然先例现象的四种形式紧密相联。先例名称在需要对先例文本和或先例情景诉求时完成其符号功能。先例名称内含丰富的文化传统，是一个民族历史文化鲜明的指标。所以先例名称在跨文化交际中起着重要作用。本论文作者试图从跨文化交际角度展开对先例名称的研究。因为先例名称是直接用于话语中的最简单的可言型先例现象，更容易被人们接受。本论文研究结果有助于很好地理解俄罗斯文化，达到与俄罗斯语言文化共同体成员成功交际的目的。第一章对民族文化空间和先例现象进行了理论研究，，以及介绍了先例现象的四种形式，其中包括先例名与其他三种形式的关系。在第二章节中详细介绍了先例名以及分析了先例名在跨文化交际中的功能。第三章的主要内容是通过俄罗斯影片中的例子分析先例名在跨文化交际中的实现和功能。
[Abstract]:In twentieth Century, a new interdisciplinary field of humanities, language and chemistry, was developed rapidly. The core of the study was the relationship between language and culture. The language meaning system of a language and culture community was the reflection of the cultural template formed in the social communication process, and the cultural category of the carrier of the mother tongue was the cultural category of the language carrier. Interacted.
Bakhtin thought: "intercultural communication is the communication between the language and personality of the national cultural community of different languages. Like other communication, it is the interaction of speech consciousness." intercultural communication is a communication between different cultural members. It is the communication between two or more cultures or cultural products. The essence is the difference. Cultural dialogues in language. The main purpose of the process of intercultural communication is the necessary and correct understanding of each other. Without this understanding of the whole process of communication, the meaning is lost.
Intercultural communication problems arise when interlocutors have different ethnic cultures. Even if a very understanding of foreign languages can not avoid mutual understanding, it can cause conflicts with the speakers of the language. Therefore, it is necessary to master the cultural foundation of a language and culture community.
To sum up, understanding and learning the name of a precedent is one of the effective ways to quickly master this purpose. As Chude Kopf said, "each precedent name is behind the name of the precedent's name."
The precedent is a linguistic and cultural unit with a nominal and symbolic function that can convey cultural information. To understand the name of a precedent known to most people in a language and culture community, the communicator can understand each other at any time, because all the names are equally well known to them and do not need any explanation. So, Mastering the precedent name helps us understand the culture of a nation and ultimately achieve cross-cultural communication effectively.
Chude Kopf believes that "the name of the precedent is such individual names, they or 1) are associated with the widely known text, usually these texts are precedent text; or 2) are related to the precedent scenario, which are known to the speakers and act as a precedent." this is 1998:83. " A complex symbol that is used in the process of communication is not a claim to the name itself, but a appeal to a set of discriminative features represented by the name of the precedent.
The precedent name is one of the four forms of precedent phenomenon. Other forms include precedent text, precedent expression and precedent scenario. Of course, the four forms of precedent phenomenon are closely linked. The precedent name is required to complete its symbolic function when the precedent text and or precedent scene appeal are required. Therefore, the name of precedent plays an important role in intercultural communication.
The author of this thesis tries to study the name of precedent from the perspective of intercultural communication. Since the precedent name is the simplest possible precedent phenomenon in the discourse, it is easier to be accepted by people. The results of this thesis will help to understand Russian culture well and achieve successful communication with the members of the Russian language and culture community. The first chapter makes a theoretical study on the cultural space and precedent phenomenon, and introduces four forms of the precedent phenomenon, including the relationship between the precedent name and the other three forms. In the second chapter, the precedent name is introduced in detail and the function of the precedent name in the cross cultural communication is analyzed. The main content of the third chapter is the main content of the chapter. Examples of Russian films analyze the realization and function of precedent names in intercultural communication.
【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H35

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