从生态批评的角度解读《与狼共舞》

发布时间：2018-03-01 09:42

本文关键词： 《与狼共舞》自然生态社会生态精神生态　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《与狼共舞》改编自迈克尔·布莱克的同名小说，由凯文·科斯特纳在1990年主演并搬上荧幕。影片以美国白人士兵约翰·邓巴与印第部落中的苏族人相处的过程为故事主线，并以全新的角度将以往西部片中被忽略和丑化的印第安人作为主要角色，重现了他们鲜为人知的真实面貌和悲惨遭遇。该片上映后获得了极大的成功，横扫第68届奥斯卡最佳影片等七项大奖，将处于低谷的西部电影推向一个新的高点。因此，这部电影被认为是好莱坞西部电影发展史上一个至关重要的转折点。电影从主人公约翰·邓巴的视角描述了“西进运动“中白人对美国西部草原自然资源的掠夺和破坏、白人社会的异化和精神世界的迷失及苏族人和谐快乐的生活。生态批评家呼吁人类要尊重、保护自然并与自然界的其他生物和谐相处，生态理论研究的是文学与自然的关系。生态理论家鲁枢元在其作品《生态文艺学》中将生态理论按照三分法分成自然生态、社会生态和精神生态。本文运用以上三个生态理论，论述了美国好莱坞导演凯文·科斯特纳的电影《与狼共舞》中反映的生态现象，对比分析了现代美国人和古老的印第安人对自然的掠夺与保护、社会生态的失衡与和谐及精神世界的迷失与自我的回归。由于其独特的视角和深远的影响，《与狼共舞》上映后引起了国内外学者的极大兴趣。多数学者主要就本影片中印第安人地位的提高、影片背景的历史性、隐喻和象征的使用、影片主题较以往美国西部片的变化、“文明”与“野蛮”的冲突和融合及中文译本的比较等方面进行研究，也有几位学者从生态学的角度进行了分析，但深度不够。本文将在此基础上从自然生态、社会生态和精神生态三方面做进一步的探讨。目前由于人们对自然资源的长期掠夺和破坏，人类赖以生存的地球已千疮百孔，，同时现代文明给人类带来丰富的物质生活同时也带来了困惑和苦闷，导致了自我的缺失。本影片揭露了白人对美国西部自然资源的开采和破坏，呼吁现代人要像印第安人那样尊重自然、爱护自然，并且倡导人类要回归自然和认同自然对人类精神世界的治愈力量。此外，凯文·科斯特纳将摄像机的镜头深入到了古老的印第安部落中，完整地重现了印第安人和谐的原始生活。通过对印第安人生活细节的展示，导演旨在告诉现代人只有抛弃贪婪的欲望，与自然和谐共处，并且回归大自然，人类才能真正找到自我，实现个体精神世界的和谐和建立和谐的社会环境。本研究从生态批评角度出发，结合以上三个生态观点对《与狼共舞》进行解读，通过不同的角度反映导演对尊重自然、与自然和谐相处的呼吁及对回归自然的倡导和对自然治愈力量的认同。本文共分成六章：第一章首先介绍了该研究的背景，然后概述了电影的主要内容和影片的拍摄过程。其次概述了本文的研究意义。最后简介全文的框架。第二章是文献综述和理论基础。本章首先归纳总结了国内外学者对影片的的相关研究。大多数学者从该影片的主题和印第安人形象与其他西部片的不同、文明与野蛮的冲突、隐喻和象征的使用等方面对该影片进行研究。虽然有少数几位学者的研究涉及了生态理论，但不够系统和深刻，并且几乎没有学者从自然生态、社会生态和精神生态这三个方面进行解读。本研究为弥补这一空缺，将从以上三个方面解读本影片。本章其次是综述生态批评理论的发展及自然生态、社会生态和精神生态的基本观点。第三章从自然生态的角度分析了影片中人和自然的关系。古老的印第安人尊重自然、敬畏自然并且与自然和谐共存，而白人对美国西部草原自然资源却任意地掠夺和践踏，这种强烈的对比暗示现代人要像印第安人那样和自然共存，体现了导演呼吁人类尊重自然和自然和谐共处的思想。第四章从社会生态学的角度阐述影片中失衡的白人社会生态和和谐的印第安部落。社会等级的存在和无休止的欲望是白人社会生态失衡的关键。在生态失衡的社会中，人们之间关系冷淡，缺乏真诚的交流和关爱。印第安部落的情况却恰恰与之相反。电影对苏族人和谐生活的描写体现了尊重自然，与自然和谐共处的价值。第五章从精神生态的角度分析了影片中白人自我的迷失和自然的治愈力量。欲望的驱使和战争的摧残使影片中的白人完全迷失自我，但有生态意识的约翰·邓巴通过回归自然重新找到了自我，因此自然对人类的精神有治愈力量，体现了自然的强大治愈力量和回归自然的重要性。第六章是结论部分。本章总结了全文的研究过程及观点，探讨了本研究的理论及现实意义，指出了本研究的不足之处并且展望了本课题今后的发展方向。
[Abstract]:"Dances with wolves > adapted from Michael Black's novel of the same name, by Kevin Costner in 1990 starring and onto the screen. The process of film to the Sioux white American soldier John Dunbar and the Indian tribes along the story line, and a new perspective will be ignored by the west film and defacing the Indians as the main characters they reproduce the little-known truth and tragedy. The film was a great success after the release of the sixty-eighth Oscar Award for the best film swept seven awards will be at the bottom of the western film to a new high. Therefore, it is believed that the film is a crucial turning point in the history of West Hollywood movie. The film describes the" westward movement "looting and destruction of natural grassland resources in the western United States in the whites from the protagonist John Dunbar's perspective, white society The alienation of the meeting and the loss of the spiritual world and the harmonious and happy life of the people of the Soviet Union.
Ecological critics called on humans to respect, protect nature and other creatures of nature in harmony, ecological theory is the relationship between literature and nature. Ecological theorist Lu Shuyuan in his works < > in ecological literature ecological theory in accordance with the three division into natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology.
This paper uses the above three ecological theory, discusses the movie wolf and American Hollywood director Kevin Costner dance ecological phenomenon reflected in the comparative analysis >, the exploitation and protection of nature of modern and ancient American Indians, the imbalance of social ecology and harmony and spiritual world'slosing and regression.
Because of its unique perspective and profound, "dances with Wolves" after the release has aroused great interest of scholars at home and abroad. Most scholars mainly Indian status in this film increased, the historical background of the film, the use of metaphor and symbol, change the theme of the film than in the past the West Film, "study civilized" and "savage" conflict and fusion and Chinese versions of the comparison, there are few scholars analyzed from the perspective of ecology, but the depth is not enough. This paper will based on the natural ecology, do further research on the social ecology and spiritual ecology three aspects. At present due to long-term exploitation and damage to people natural resources, human survival of the earth has been in a disastrous state, while modern civilization brings rich material life but also brings confusion and depression, resulting in the loss of self. This film uncovering The White Dew on the natural resources exploitation and destruction of the western United States, called for modern people to love nature and respect for nature, like the Indians, and advocates that human beings should return to nature and the identity of the natural healing power of human spiritual world. In addition, Kevin Costner will be the camera into the ancient Indian tribes, reproduce the original Indians living in harmony. Through the details of Indian life show, director to tell people today only to abandon the greedy desire to live in harmony with nature, and return to nature, human beings can truly find the self realization of individual spirit harmony in the world and build a harmonious social environment.
This study from the perspective of eco criticism, combined with the above three ecological view of < dances with wolves > interpretation, reflecting the director of respect for nature from different angles, in harmony with the natural appeal and advocate for returning to nature and the natural healing power of identity. This paper is divided into six chapters:
The first chapter introduces the background of the research first, then outlines the main contents of the movie and the shooting process of the movie. Secondly, it summarizes the significance of this research. Finally, it introduces the framework of the whole paper.
The second chapter is the literature review and theoretical basis. This chapter first summarizes the relevant research of domestic and foreign scholars on the film. Most of the scholars from the theme of the movie and the Indians and other Western different conflicts between civilization and barbarism, metaphor and symbol use and other aspects of the film were studied. Although there are studies a few scholars involved in ecological theory, but not systematic and profound, and few scholars from the interpretation of natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology of these three aspects. This research is to make up for this vacancy, will interpret this film in three aspects. Secondly this chapter is review of the development of the ecological criticism the basic point of view and natural ecology, social ecology and spiritual ecology.
The third chapter is the analysis of the relationship between man and nature in the film from the natural ecological perspective. The ancient Indian respect for nature, reverence for nature and harmony with nature, and the white of the natural resources in the western United States has any plunder and trampling on grassland, the contrast strongly suggested that modern people like Indian style and natural coexistence reflects the director called for respect for nature and human nature harmony thought.
The fourth chapter in the film white imbalance of society and harmonious Indian tribes from the perspective of social ecology. The existence of social hierarchy and endless desire is the key to the white society. Ecological imbalance in the ecological imbalance in social relations among people, indifference, lack of sincere communication and care. The situation is just with the Indian tribes in contrast to the Sioux. The film portrays the harmonious life embodies the respect for nature, harmonious coexistence with nature.
The fifth chapter is the analysis of the film white self lost and the healing power of nature from the perspective of spiritual ecology. Desire and wars make the film white completely lost, but the ecological consciousness of John Dunbar by returning to nature to find the ego, so natural to the human spirit has healing power, reflecting the nature of the great importance of curing strength and return to nature.
The sixth chapter is the conclusion. This chapter summarizes the research process and viewpoints of the full text, discusses the theoretical and practical significance of this research, points out the shortcomings of this research, and looks forward to the future development of this topic.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J905

【参考文献】