美式漫画改编电影中的“超级英雄”与保守主义

发布时间：2018-03-27 11:50

本文选题：美式漫画改编电影　切入点：超级英雄　出处：《上海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“超级英雄”是幻想中的英雄角色，一般拥有超越普通人的特殊能力，并时常伴有一些不同寻常的壮举和英勇行为。美国漫画曾是超级英雄最主要的舞台，经历了40年代、60年代、80年代的盛行后，超级英雄在2000年后迎来了新黄金时代。有数据统计显示，2000年至2012年，好莱坞制作的“超级英雄”题材的漫画改编电影占电影总产量的比重不到1%，然而其市场份额则超过了10%，新黄金时代的超级英雄正是与电影紧密结合，，带来一部部口碑与票房俱佳的影片。另一方面，“超级英雄”题材的漫画改编电影也常与价值观相联系，传播着美国的价值观。“超级英雄”的盛行说明同时兼具娱乐性与主流价值观的电影是完全可以实现的，而研究美式漫画改编电影如何将“超级英雄”与保守主义联系起来亦一种借鉴与参考。本研究从人物与题材两个角度全面地理解美式漫画改编电影中“超级英雄”，既关注其作为电影人物的生成过程，也考察其作为电影题材的叙事结构；聚焦“超级英雄”娱乐与商业背后传播的美国主流价值观，并以保守主义为例进行具体分析。首先，梳理了DC漫画与MARVEL漫画两大公司所属的漫画改编电影。其次，在结构主义叙事理论的分析框架下观摩分析了DC漫画与MARVEL漫画两大公司所属的29部漫画改编电影人物生成与叙事结构。再次，使用统计学的方法计算出29部相关影片的叙事单元标准复现率，衡量普罗普提出的31种功能与6种叙事单元在美式漫画改编电影中的再现情况，并分析所属公司、所属系列与导演三方面对于美式漫画改编电影的叙事单元的影响。从美式漫画改编电影的社会背景入手，分析其人物生成与叙事结构所反映的核心——美国保守主义的价值观。研究发现美式漫画改编电影，特别是“超级英雄”题材的漫画改编电影已经成为了一种新的影片类型，表现为规律化的人物生成与模式化的叙事结构。新黄金时代的“超级英雄”行动元的变化范围可以横跨“秩序/混乱”与“善良/邪恶”，而行动元的相对位移也出现了“由邪恶到善良”。而“超级英雄”身份与个性特征也日趋复杂，逐渐开始摆脱福斯特“漫画型人物”（“扁形人物”）的范畴。“超级英雄”题材的叙事结构设计则与普罗普提炼出的叙事单元高度吻合。无论是人物的生成，还是叙事结构的设计，都以“夸张与放大”形式反映了美国保守主义的核心价值。
[Abstract]:"superhero" is a fantasy hero character, usually has the special ability to surpass ordinary people, often accompanied by some unusual feats and acts of heroism. American comics used to be the main stage of superhero. After the boom of the 1940s, 1960s and 1980s, the superhero ushered in a new golden age after 2000. Statistics show that from 2000 to 2012, Hollywood's "superhero" comic book adaptation accounts for less than 1 percent of total film production, but its market share is more than 10. The new golden age superhero is closely associated with the film. Bring in a movie with good reputation and good box office. On the other hand, comic book adaptation of "superhero" is often associated with values. Spreading American values. The popularity of "superhero" shows that movies with both entertaining and mainstream values are fully achievable. It is also a reference to study how the American comic film adapts superhero and conservatism. This study comprehensively understands "superhero" in American comic film adaptation from two angles of character and subject matter. It not only pays attention to its forming process as a movie character, but also examines its narrative structure as a subject matter. Focus on "superhero" entertainment and business behind the spread of mainstream American values, and take conservatism as an example for specific analysis. Under the framework of structuralist narrative theory, the author analyzes the characters generation and narrative structure of 29 comic adaptation films belonging to DC comic and MARVEL comics. Using the statistical method to calculate the standard recurrence rate of the narrative unit of 29 related films, to measure the reappearance of 31 functions and 6 narrative units proposed by Prop in the American comic film adaptation, and to analyze the company to which they belong. From the social background of American comic film adaptation, this paper analyzes the core values of American conservatism reflected by its character generation and narrative structure. The study found that American comic film adaptation, especially "superhero" comic adaptation, has become a new type of film. The new golden age "superhero" action elements can span the range of "order / chaos" and "good / evil", and the relative displacement of action elements is also. "from evil to good." and "superhero" identity and personality characteristics are becoming increasingly complex, Gradually getting rid of the category of Forster's "comic characters" ("flat characters"), the narrative structure design of "superhero" is highly consistent with the narrative unit abstracted by Prop. Whether it is the generation of characters or the design of narrative structure, They all reflect the core value of American conservatism in the form of exaggeration and magnification.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J905

【引证文献】