贾樟柯电影在美国的传播境遇及其启示

发布时间：2018-04-21 02:12

本文选题：贾樟柯 + 电影　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以贾樟柯导演的作品为个案分析其在美国的传播状况。通过对贾樟柯导演的电影作品在美国的获奖状况、上映情况、票房收益等的分析,探寻贾樟柯电影美国传播获得认可的原因和面临的困境与挑战。贾樟柯电影作为中国文化软实力的一个截面,是提前于我国硬实力发展步调的。他的电影作品被美国电影节普遍接受、认可。而事实上,真正接受他作品的是美国文化精英们。在电影节频频获奖之后,他的作品又传入美国电影学院课堂和小剧场被观赏、学习,这一批受众是美国高等教育受者、潜在的精英。这些被他们观看、思考、接受的我国本土文艺作品带给他国受众一定积极、正面影响,这样的作品才可称之为文化软实力,这样的文艺作品传播之路才是文化软实力对外提升之路。贾樟柯作品在美国获得认可主要基于其作者化、个人化文本书写方式,世界普适的主题探求、文化表述及其作品中蕴涵的“他性”言说。作者化、风格化书写一向是欧洲电影的标签,欧洲电影人对这一标签偏爱并引以为傲。美国电影体系作为欧洲电影学派最大的竞争者,同时也是最大的欣赏者,这一事实在美国电影学派鉴赏他国影片时展露无遗。通过对美国较有代表性的两大电影节——学院奖即奥斯卡金像奖和洛杉矶影评人协会奖对近年的最佳外语片奖获奖影片的类型、主题梳理,我们不难发现美国电影学者鉴赏他国影片时,更偏爱欧洲式的独立的、个体的书写方式,更倾向于从艺术的角度择优而彰。贾樟柯每一部作品都充斥着对政治的解构、历史的还原、对“生活”和“个人”的关注以及对无处是故乡的焦虑表述。这三大主题契合着美国电影学者近年来青睐的文化主题和意识形态。敏锐的贾樟柯知道什么样的题材能吸引美国人的眼球。在美国影人厌烦了“贩卖落后”和“贩卖大场而”后,贾樟柯选择了中国县城这个新意的“他性”热点。中国都市化进程中的问题,城乡之间的断裂,三峡工程的争议等都借由乡镇这个平台,借由他的画面被客观、冷静地展现。贾樟柯作品风格多为记录式艺术电影,他的作品在美国的传播形式代表着中国艺术电影在美国的传播。本文借此引中分析中国艺术电影该如何应对在美国传播面临的文化冲突、意识形态差异和市场困境。中国艺术电影期望在美国可持续传播应首先考虑文化和美学策略——加强“人文关怀”的同时,提高电影制作质量；选择普适话题,打造中国视角。其次应思虑产业战略——建立长效机制,加强国际合作；打造国际化艺术推手。贾樟柯把自己放在时代中,将人性袒露在他的作品中,以最接近自由的方式随意而又真诚得去纪录。他冷静、沉着地面对现实,用理性、真诚的态度创作,用偏执、个性的手法拍摄。其作品展现出来的独特品质,彰显了中国新一代电影人的品位与追求,是我国艺术电影在美国传播的一次胜利。
[Abstract]:This study takes Jia Zhangke's works as a case to analyze the status of its communication in the United States. Through the analysis of the status of award-winning, showing and box office earnings of Jia Zhangke's film works in the United States, this paper explores the reasons for the recognition of Jia Zhangke's film American communication and the difficulties and challenges facing Jia Zhangke films as a soft Chinese culture. A cross section of strength is in advance of the pace of the development of hard power in our country. His films are widely accepted and accepted by the American Film Festival. In fact, the American cultural elite are truly accepted by the American Film Festival. After the festival, his works were introduced to the American film academy class and the small theatre to be watched and studied. The audience is the American higher education recipient, the potential elite. These Chinese local literary and artistic works which they have seen, thought and accepted bring to his country a positive and positive influence. Such works can be called the soft power of culture. This way of literature and art is the road to the promotion of cultural soft power.
The recognition of Jia Zhangke's works in the United States is mainly based on its author, individualized text writing, the universal theme of the world, cultural expression and the "character" in his works. Author and stylized writing have always been the label of European films. The European film people are inclined to this label and proud. As the biggest competitor and the greatest admirer of the European film school, this fact remains uncovered when the American Film School appreciates the film of his country. By the two most representative American Film Festival, the Academy Award, the Oscar gold medal and the Losangeles Film Critics Association Award, the best foreign language film awards in recent years. It is not difficult to find that American film scholars prefer European style independent and individual writing style, which are more inclined to choose from the angle of art. Each of Jia Zhangke's works is full of political deconstruction, historical restoration, attention to "life" and "individual" and to no one. The three themes fit the cultural themes and ideology favoured by American film scholars in recent years. The keen Jia Zhangke knows what themes attract Americans' attention. After the American movie people are tired of "selling backwardness" and "trafficking", Jia Zhangke chose the new meaning of the Chinese county. The problems in the process of urbanization in China, the fracture between urban and rural areas, the dispute of the Three Gorges project, and so on are borrowed from the platform of the township, which is objectively and dispassionate.
The style of Jia Zhangke's works is mostly a recording art film, and the communication form of his works in the United States represents the spread of Chinese art films in the United States. This paper analyzes how Chinese art films should cope with the cultural conflicts, ideological differences and the dilemma of the market in the United States. The continued communication should first consider cultural and aesthetic strategies - strengthen the "humanistic care", improve the quality of film production, select the universal topic, create a Chinese perspective. Secondly, think about the industrial strategy, establish a long-term mechanism, strengthen international cooperation, and build an international art push.
Jia Zhangke put himself in his times, exposing human nature to his works, with the closest free way to the record. He calmly, calmly faced the reality, created with a rational, sincere attitude, photographed with a paranoia and personality. His works show the unique quality of the new generation of Chinese filmmakers. Position and pursuit are a triumph of the spread of Chinese art films in the United States.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J905

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