体育纪录片《赛季》的叙事艺术研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 01:04

本文选题：体育纪录片 + 纪录片　；参考：《成都体育学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文从叙事的角度对十二集版体育纪录片《赛季》进行分析研究，采用文献资料法、观察法、统计分析法等对其进行梳理与分析，以叙事学作为核心理论对作品进行审视，在对纪录片、电视纪录片、体育纪录片等研究成果的基础上，结合体育比赛特征、体育精神内涵、体育社会价值等探讨体育纪录片的叙事艺术。叙事的成功是纪录片成功的前提，原创纪录片《赛季》的叙事态度、结构、视角、方法等都有别于传统的体育纪录片，在内容选择、素材处理、前期拍摄、后期剪辑各方面都有着更自由的发挥空间。《赛季》的叙事结构充分遵循了体育精神和体育发展规律，以多条故事线搭建情节，叙事核心是上海男篮的成长，在叙事策略方面将姚明的明星效应逐渐转移给上海队；《赛季》依靠旁白设问及陈述、前置采访、时序变化、同期声提问、中断事件进程等手段打造悬念；在叙事视角上，以第三人称全知视角统领全片，兼顾多视角纪录，并使用窥视视角、动态视角、艺术视角等特殊视角为观众营造丰富的心理体验；在叙述时间上，使用追述、预述、共述的时序处理，并进行了省略、详述、概述、拉长、停顿的时长改变；《赛季》充分使用推拉摇移等动镜头，其晃动镜头的使用也是创新尝试；在后期制作上，《赛季》强化对比，使用摇滚和后摇风格的音乐对纪录片进行包装，这一特色也让人印象深刻。在《赛季》的述本中，通过上述的叙事艺术手段，叙述者将上海男篮打造成了一支有理想、有拼劲、越挫越勇、团结一心的战斗集体，使其与体育文化、上海城市文化融为一体，进而被叙述成城市英雄、模子男子汉、青春代言人等积极形象。体育纪录片《赛季》在叙述上的不足之处包括：第一，叙事态度上明显的倾向性。第二，在叙事结构、叙事时间和悬念打造方面，大量的变化容易造成观众观看和理解障碍。第三，制作较为粗糙，后期剪辑加工过于简单和大意，降低了此部纪录片应有的品位。对体育纪录片创作的建议：第一，，体育纪录片的创作应在秉承客观真实原则基础上，着重强调“体育化”创作原则，即体育纪录片叙事应遵循体育文化内涵特质，表现手段应借鉴参考与体育相关的实际生活。第二，体育纪录片创作应提倡《赛季》的跟踪纪录模式，深入体育对象，全方位立体式纪录细节。第三，体育纪录片创作者要培养前后期统一合作的意识，善于贯通始终，一气呵成；第四，体育纪录片创作应根据对象特点，采用团队化、多机位纪录。第五，纪录片创作应大胆创新，追求跨界融合。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of narration, this paper analyzes and studies the 12-episode sports documentary "season", combs and analyzes it with the methods of literature, observation and statistical analysis, and examines the works with narratology as the core theory. On the basis of the research results of documentary, TV documentary and sports documentary, this paper discusses the narrative art of sports documentary based on the characteristics of sports competition, the connotation of sports spirit and the value of sports society. The success of narration is the premise of documentary success. The narrative attitude, structure, visual angle and method of original documentary "season" are different from traditional sports documentaries in content selection, material processing, early shooting, etc. All aspects of post-editing have more freedom to play. The narrative structure of "season" fully obeys the sports spirit and the law of sports development, and sets up the plot with many story lines. The core narrative is the growth of the Shanghai Men's Basketball team. In the narrative strategy, the star effect of Yao Ming is gradually transferred to the Shanghai team; the "season" relies on narration questions and statements, pre-interview, timing changes, simultaneous voice questioning, interruption of the event process and other means to create suspense; in the narrative perspective, The third person omniscient visual angle is used to lead the whole film, taking into account the multi-angle record, and the special visual angle, such as peep-view, dynamic and artistic perspective, is used to create a rich psychological experience for the audience, and in the narrative time, the narration time is used to recall, prestate, and so on. The timing processing, including omitting, expounding, summarizing, lengthening and pausing, making full use of the push-pull and rocking lens, is also an innovative attempt to use the sloshing lens. In post-production, season-enhanced contrast, the use of rock and post-rocking music to wrap documentaries is also impressive. In the narrative of the season, through the above-mentioned narrative art, the narrator has built the Shanghai Men's Basketball team into a fighting collective with ideals, efforts, more frustration and courage, and unity with the sports culture. Shanghai city culture merges into a whole and is described as a positive image of city hero, model man, youth spokesman and so on. The shortcomings of sports documentary season include: first, the obvious tendency of narrative attitude. Second, in the aspects of narrative structure, narrative time and suspense creation, a large number of changes are easy to cause obstacles to audience viewing and understanding. Third, the production is rough, the post-editing process is too simple and general, which reduces the taste of this documentary. The suggestions for the creation of sports documentary are as follows: first, the creation of sports documentary should be based on the principle of objective reality and emphasize the principle of "sportsmanship", that is, the narrative of sports documentary should follow the connotation of sports culture. The means of expression should refer to the actual life related to sports. Secondly, the sports documentary creation should promote the track record mode of season, go deep into the sports object, and record details in all directions. Third, the sports documentary creators should cultivate the consciousness of unity and cooperation between the former and the later period, be good at getting through all the time, and achieve it at one time; fourth, the creation of sports documentary should be based on the characteristics of the object, adopt team, multi-machine record. Fifth, documentary creation should be bold innovation, the pursuit of cross-border integration.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：J952

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