纪录片创作中的悬念设置研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 19:58

本文选题：纪录片 + 叙事　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：纪录片自诞生之日起就以真实记录作为最主要的创作方式,在结构和叙事方面存在着很大的问题,这导致其叙事平缓、单一、沉闷。在电影商业化生产、传播的大背景下,纪录片进行了大量的创作改革,在改革中纪录片获得了更多的价值体现,但是如何使纪录片获得长久的生命力成为许多纪录片编导所关心的问题。在这个问题的驱动之下,学术界将故事化引入到纪录片的创作当中来,故事化叙事成为了纪录片叙事的一种表现方式。纪录片故事化叙事方法成为当下纪录片创作的一种惯用手法,并且正在影响着传统纪录片的叙事理念。纪录片创作中的故事化运用使得纪录片产生了强大的生命力,而悬念设置作为故事化的一项重要手段越来越受到创作者的亲赖。悬念是起源于戏剧学中的一种引起观众观看兴趣的方式,悬念产生的机制在于调动观众的主观性,使之参与到事件的发展过程中来,从而引起观众的观看兴趣。将悬念从故事片引用到纪录片中会起到很大的刺激作用,使纪录片变得更加精彩,叙事更加生动,从而增强观众对纪录片的观影兴趣。笔者通过大量的研究和思考,通过实践创作中的具体案例发现,在纪录片故事化叙事的过程中,悬念这一手段是最具有戏剧效果的,也最能够抓住观众的心理情绪变化。笔者亲历创作的毕业作品纪录片《袖珍人》和《第一个苹果》作为研究的案例,总结出关于纪录片叙事过程中的悬念设置的机制研究,具有一定的理论和实践意义。本论文从纪录片创作中悬念设置的类别以及悬念设置的原则和机制进行研究,运用了文献分析、个案研究和创作实践这三种研究方法,从不同的角度和层次来对纪录片创作中的悬念设置进行了深入的学理和实践研究。论文首先介绍了本文研究的背景、意义,梳理了国内外对于纪录片中悬念设置这一问题的研究现状,分析了存在的问题,提出了对于纪录片悬念设置的观点和看法。其次,阐述了论文的理论基础,其中包括戏剧学叙事理论、卢森塔尔效应、希区柯克悬念理论等,进而运用实践经验分析悬念设置是如何建立起来的,由此提出悬念设置的原则和机制。第三,探讨了纪录片故事化叙事中悬念设置的类型及其作用,指出纪录片悬念主要有细节悬念、结构悬念、主题悬念三大类,悬念具有增强纪录片故事化叙事节奏、深化纪录片主题、提高传播效果的作用。第四,结合亲身创作的作品《袖珍人》,阐明了纪录片悬念设置的原则和技巧、存在的问题以及设置误区,总结出悬念设置的基本原则为真实性和主观性,四种悬念设置的方法:片名法、倒叙法、交叉法和矛盾法。第五,主要是对本研究做一总结,指出本文研究的结果和不足,在论证中结合自身创作实践使理论与实践相结合,使本文的理论研究能够在实践中得到检验,进而对纪录片创作中的悬念设置研究做出前景展望。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of documentary film, the real record has been the most important way of creation. There are many problems in structure and narrative, which leads to its smooth, single and dull narration. In the background of commercial production and dissemination of films, documentary films have carried out a lot of creative reforms, in which documentaries have gained more value. However, how to make documentaries obtain long-term vitality has become the concern of many documentary directors. Driven by this problem, the academic circles introduce the story into the documentary creation, and the story narration becomes a kind of expression of documentary narration. The narrative method of documentary story has become a traditional method of documentary creation, and it is influencing the narrative idea of traditional documentary. The use of story in documentary creation makes documentary produce strong vitality, and suspense setting as an important means of story making is more and more popular among creators. Suspense is a way of arousing the audience's interest in drama. The mechanism of suspense is to arouse the subjectivity of the audience and make it participate in the development of the event, thus arousing the audience's interest in watching. Quoting suspense from feature films to documentaries will play a very important role in stimulating the documentaries, making the documentaries more exciting and narrative more vivid, thus enhancing the audience's interest in watching the documentaries. Through a lot of research and thinking, the author finds that suspense is the most dramatic method in the process of documentary story narration, and it is also the most able to grasp the psychological and emotional changes of the audience. The documentary documentary "pocket Man" and "the first Apple" created by the author personally as a case study, summarizes the mechanism of suspense setting in the process of documentary narration, which has certain theoretical and practical significance. This paper studies the categories of suspense settings and the principles and mechanisms of suspense settings in documentary creation, and applies three research methods: literature analysis, case study and creative practice. In this paper, the suspense in documentary creation is studied from different angles and levels. Firstly, this paper introduces the background and significance of this study, combs the domestic and foreign research status of suspense setting in documentary, analyzes the existing problems, and puts forward the viewpoints and views on suspense setting of documentary. Secondly, it expounds the theoretical basis of the thesis, including drama narrative theory, Lucenthal effect, Hitchcock suspense theory and so on, and then uses practical experience to analyze how the suspense setting is established. Therefore, the principle and mechanism of suspense setting are put forward. Thirdly, it discusses the types and functions of suspense setting in the narrative of documentary story, and points out that there are three main categories of suspense in documentary, including detail suspense, structural suspense and thematic suspense. Suspense can enhance the narrative rhythm of documentary story. Deepen the theme of documentary, improve the effect of communication. Fourthly, combined with the personal creation of "pocket Man", this paper clarifies the principles and skills of suspense setting, the existing problems and misunderstandings, and concludes that the basic principles of suspense setting are authenticity and subjectivity. Four methods of suspense setting: title method, flashback method, cross method and contradiction method. Fifthly, it mainly summarizes the research, points out the results and shortcomings of this study, combines the theory and practice with its own creative practice in the argumentation, so that the theoretical research in this paper can be tested in practice. Then the prospect of suspense setting in documentary creation is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J952

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