跨文化视域下的中外生态电影比较研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 11:46

【摘要】：工业革命为人类带来了经济的繁荣和生活的便捷,同时也打破了地球自身原本和谐、稳定的状态,频繁的自然灾害将人类陷落于严峻的生态危机之中。于是,呼唤人与自然的相互和谐、构建生态文明社会便成了人类的共同话题和整个时代的新主题。生态电影在全球风起云涌的生态思潮下应运而生,它以视觉影像重新树立自然主体地位,消解人类中心主义思想,将考察目光置于更广阔的宇宙大环境,从生命中心的角度去审视世界,对当下的生存危机进行深入探讨。经过短短几十年的发展,生态电影已经逐渐成为一种不容忽视的电影类型,并和其他生态学科共同建构起生态学的整体架构。值得注意的是,尽管在相同的时代背景下,中外生态电影存在一定的美学共性,但是在表现形式和叙事形态上却是多种多样的,故事片用冷静平淡的基调讲述人与自然之间的故事;纪录片真实的呈现出了地球上每一种生命的生活方式和生存样态;灾难片用光电特效展示了灾难给人类带来的伤害和社会秩序的失控。与此同时,不同国家的电影人在不同文化语境下,产生了不同的生命认识和价值体验,在各国的生态电影中都闪现着独属于他们的传统生态观念,而东西方的生态文化也通过电影实现了交流与对话,在相互的交融中架构出完整的生态电影体系。从中国传统的天人合一到欧洲的诗意栖居,两者在不同的关注视域下表达了对回归家园的渴望;中国和美国在生态电影中都十分强调人的主体性地位,不同的是中国人始终在强调集体主义精神,而美国则表现出强烈的个人英雄主义,这与中美两国的传统文化和人生态度有着密切的联系;在电影商业化的趋势下,美国的生态电影最大程度的追求经济利益,欧洲却仍然保持着对艺术性的挖掘,在以基督教为主流的社会价值观影响下,欧美电影人也在各自的生态电影中对人性和传统的宗教信仰不断进行反思。
[Abstract]:The industrial revolution brought economic prosperity and convenience to human life, but also broke the original harmonious and stable state of the earth itself, frequent natural disasters trapped mankind in a severe ecological crisis. Therefore, calling for the mutual harmony between man and nature, the construction of ecological civilization society has become the common topic of mankind and the new theme of the whole era. Ecological film emerges as the times require under the global trend of ecological thought. It re-establishes the position of natural subject with visual image, dispels the anthropocentrism thought, and puts the inspection sight on the broader universe environment. Examine the world from the point of view of life center, and probe into the crisis of existence. After a few decades of development, ecological film has gradually become a kind of film that can not be ignored, and together with other ecological disciplines to construct the overall framework of ecology. It is worth noting that, although there are certain aesthetic commonalities in Chinese and foreign ecological movies under the same background of the times, they are varied in their forms of expression and narrative forms. The feature film tells the story between man and nature in a calm and flat tone. The documentary shows the way of life and the way of existence of every kind of life on earth. The disaster film shows the damage caused by the disaster and the disorder of social order with photoelectric effects. At the same time, the filmmakers of different countries have different life cognition and value experience in different cultural context. In the ecological movies of different countries, there is a unique traditional ecological concept belonging to them. The ecological culture of East and West has also realized the exchange and dialogue through the film, and constructed the complete ecological film system in the mutual blend. From the traditional unity of man and nature in China to the poetic dwelling in Europe, they express their desire to return to their homeland from different perspectives of concern. Both China and the United States emphasize the subjective status of human beings in ecological movies. The difference is that the Chinese have always emphasized the spirit of collectivism, while the United States has shown a strong sense of individual heroism, which is closely related to the traditional culture and attitude towards life between China and the United States. The ecological movies in the United States pursue economic interests to the maximum extent, but Europe still keeps digging into the artistic nature, under the influence of the social values of Christianity as the mainstream. European and American filmmakers also reflect on human nature and traditional religious beliefs in their own ecological films.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J905

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