二十世纪九十年代以来中国大陆电影中“北京”城市影像与文化表达

发布时间：2018-07-29 07:39

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来，城市形象成为电影中的重要建构对象之一。影像中的城市形象并不单单是对现实中城市形象的临摹和照搬，而是在个人和社会集体联合作用下的想象性的建构，通过对城市中的元素诸如空间、建筑、交通工具等元素的展示,以及对城中人的生活、状态、情感、价值观念的叙述来构建和表达城市。北京，中国的政治经济文化中心，由于自身的独特性，自中国电影诞生以来就成为电影艺术表达、想象、建构、解读的对象，尤其是自20世纪90年代以来，中国社会面临着两个影响至深关乎未来发展的大背景：首先，中国社会正经历着全国范围内从乡村到城市的转型时期；第二，北京也正经历着走向世界全球化的大趋势。在这双重语境的影响下，北京的风土人情、发展变迁、文化风韵都在影像中都被建构了出来。得益于北京自身的积淀丰厚，才为电影提供了丰富和多元化的得以“记忆和想象”的空间，同时，结合二十世纪九十年代以来电影创作城市化和全球化这两个重要语境，来对这一时期中国大陆电影中建构的北京影像进行艺术形式和思想内涵的分析，试探寻影像背后的社会文化等因素。本文旨在参考电影文化研究相关理论，以文本细读的方式，从“北京城市影像”这一视角,来剖析与探讨近20多年来中国大陆城市电影中的“北京”城市形象及其光影之痕中所折射出的当今社会文化。本文主体分为四部分：第一部分：传统·现代·国际：北京城市影像变迁。主要从传统古都、现代新城和国际迷城三个方面梳理九十年代以来“北京”城市影像发展的大致脉络；第二部分：想象·感怀·无名：北京城市影像选择性书写。概括“北京”城市影像的内容选择、形象建构和表达方式，即通过想象式的重构和感怀式的抒写以及泛城市形象与泛人物形象地无名式彰显来探讨“北京”城市影像的内容；第三部分：改造·迎合·迷失：北京城市影像文化呈现。从传统与现代、差异与相同、商业与人、认同与消解四个方面探讨“北京”城市影像所表达出的当代社会文化现实及其复杂性，同时提出影像呈现的问题：固定化、符号化以及极端化。第四部分：作者·权力·市场：制约北京影像建构的因素。从导演、社会和市场三个方面论述制约北京影像构成的因素，其中导演的生活年代、生活经历、政治意识形态、主流意识形态和民族话语的制约、市场法则和跨国资本的流通都对当今“北京”城市影像的如何呈现起着关键性的作用。本文在转型期和全球化背景下研究，从城市与电影方面解读当今城市社会、解读电影中城市影像变迁，主要回答电影中的北京究竟是怎样的一个城市、北京城市形象如何被创作者选择、北京城中的人具备怎样的秉性和气质，他们的身份怎么被书写，以及产生这种形象的原因。
[Abstract]:Since 1990's, the city image has become one of the important construction objects in the film. The city image in the image is not only the copying and copying of the city image in reality, but also the imaginative construction under the joint action of individual and society, through the elements of the city such as space, architecture, The display of transportation and other elements, as well as the description of the life, state, emotion and values of the people in the city to construct and express the city. Beijing, the political, economic and cultural center of China, because of its own uniqueness, has been the object of expression, imagination, construction and interpretation of film art since the birth of Chinese films, especially since the 1990s. Chinese society is faced with two major backgrounds that are deeply related to the future development: first, the Chinese society is experiencing a period of transition from the countryside to the city in the whole country; second, Beijing is also experiencing a major trend towards the globalization of the world. Under the influence of this dual context, Beijing's local customs, development changes, cultural charm are all constructed in the image. Thanks to the rich accumulation of Beijing itself, it has provided rich and diversified space for "memory and imagination" for films. At the same time, combining the two important contexts of film creation, urbanization and globalization since the 1990s, This paper analyzes the artistic forms and ideological connotations of the Beijing images constructed in the movies of mainland China in this period, and tries to find out the social and cultural factors behind the images. The purpose of this paper is to refer to the relevant theories of film culture research and to read the text carefully from the perspective of "Beijing City Image". This paper analyzes and discusses the contemporary social culture reflected in the city image of "Beijing" in the urban films of mainland China in recent 20 years. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part: traditional modern international: Beijing city image changes. Mainly from the traditional ancient capital, the modern new city and the international lost city three aspects combs the 90's "Beijing" the city image development general vein; the second part: the imagination feeling nameless: Beijing city image selective writing. This paper summarizes the content selection, image construction and expression of "Beijing" city image, which is to discuss the content of "Beijing" city image through imagination reconstruction and sentimental expression, and the unnamed manifestation of pan-city image and pan-character image. The third part: the transformation caters to the lost: Beijing city image culture presents. This paper discusses the contemporary social and cultural reality and its complexity expressed by the city image of "Beijing" from four aspects: traditional and modern, difference and similarity, commerce and people, identity and resolution. At the same time, it puts forward the problems of image presentation: immobilization, and so on. Symbolization and extremism. The fourth part: the author's power market: the factors restricting the image construction in Beijing. From three aspects of director, society and market, this paper discusses the factors restricting the composition of Beijing image, including the director's life age, life experience, political ideology, mainstream ideology and national discourse. The law of market and the circulation of transnational capital play a key role in how to present the city image of Beijing. Under the background of transformation and globalization, this paper analyzes the urban society in terms of city and film, explains the changes of urban images in movies, and mainly answers the question of what kind of city Beijing is in the movies. How the city image of Beijing is chosen by the creators, what kind of personality and temperament the people in the city have, how their identity is written, and the reasons for this image.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：J905

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