《异次元骇客》与《楚门的世界》中的超真实与权力

发布时间：2018-10-08 08:25

【摘要】：随着信息时代的来临,科学与传播技术的飞速发展,人类文明进入了一个拟像与混乱的新纪元。自从电影《黑客帝国》的上映,对真实的质疑,对世界及人类自身的另一种理解成为了好莱坞电影中一个常见的主题。然而,在《黑客帝国》之前,一部低成本的科幻电影《异次元骇客》(1998)已就这一主题进行了深度的剖析。《异次元骇客》首次提出世界可能仅仅只是一个庞大的虚拟机器,人类目及之处均是幻像与虚假。在这之后,电影《楚门的世界》(1999)进一步探讨了世界的真实性,并从电视与现实之间的联系入手,为这一主题提供了一个布满监视与控制的社会模型。本文通过运用鲍德里亚的“超真实”理论与福柯的权力与规训思想,从对“真实”的理解及其在权力社会中的效用这一角度,对《异次元骇客》和《楚门的世界》两部电影进行分析;并指出“真实”这一概念在以高科技为主导的社会中已不复存在,取而代之的是比真实还要真实的“超真实”世界,而且这已成为权力控制的理想形式。同时,本文进一步分析了“真实”的缺失给人类带来的困惑和忧虑。本文共分四章,第一章绪论包括对《异次元骇客》和《楚门的世界》的介绍与文献综述,以及研究问题与研究的意义,并对“超真实”理论与福柯的权力观进行了理论综述。第二章集中在对电影中“超真实”理念的详细解读,真实已经消失,世界仅仅作为一个巨大的幻像,呈现给人类毫无根基的假象。第三章指出了“超真实”对人类的世界观与自我认知上造成的问题与困扰,主要分为“身份认同的失落”与“存在的不确定性”两部分。第四章详细分析“超真实社会”中的权力关系,主要包括福柯的“全景敞视主义”理论在电影中的体现,并进一步指出大众传媒与网络已成为“超真实”世界最高效的新型控制手段。本文认为两部电影具有丰富的哲学,社会以及文化意蕴,并对于真实的理解,人类世界以及人类自身这几个方面的思考都具有发人深省的作用。通过分析《异次元骇客》与《楚门的世界》中的“超真实”与权力关系,本文在结论部分指出伴随意义,价值以及真实的消失,人类已经进入了一种新形式的世界末日,一种掩盖在便利性与效用之下的混乱与无秩序的状态。《异次元骇客》与《楚门的世界》为观众呈现了一出“超真实”的舞台,使人们对真实与虚幻的本质产生更深刻的理解,启迪人们这个充满着无数诱惑的社会中,更加批判性地看待世界和自己。
[Abstract]:With the advent of the information age and the rapid development of science and communication technology, human civilization has entered a new era of imagination and chaos. Since the release of the film the Matrix, the question of reality, another understanding of the world and of humanity itself has become a common theme in Hollywood films. Before the Matrix, however, a low-cost science-fiction film, the Heterogeneity hackers (1998), had made a deep analysis of the subject. It was first suggested that the world might be just a huge virtual machine. All human eyes are illusions and falsehoods. After this, the film "Truman's World" (1999) further explores the reality of the world, and begins with the connection between television and reality, providing a social model full of surveillance and control for this theme. By applying Baudrillard's theory of "super-reality" and Foucault's thought of power and discipline, this paper tries to understand "reality" and its utility in the power society. An analysis of the two films, "heterogeneous hackers" and "Truman's World", points out that the concept of "reality" no longer exists in a hi-tech society and is replaced by a "super-real" world that is even more real than reality. And this has become the ideal form of power control. At the same time, this paper further analyzes the confusion and anxiety brought about by the absence of "reality". This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the introduction and literature review of Heterogeneity hackers and the World of Truman, as well as the research problems and the significance of the research, and a theoretical review of the theory of "super reality" and Foucault's view of power. The second chapter focuses on the detailed interpretation of the concept of "super-reality" in the film. The reality has disappeared, and the world as a huge illusion presents the false impression that human beings have no foundation. The third chapter points out the problems and puzzles caused by "super-reality" on human world outlook and self-cognition, which are divided into two parts: "loss of identity" and "uncertainty of existence". The fourth chapter analyzes the power relationship in the super real society in detail, including Foucault's theory of panoramic open view in the film. It also points out that mass media and network have become the most efficient new control method in the super-real world. This paper holds that the two films have rich philosophical, social and cultural implications, and have a thought-provoking effect on the real understanding, the human world and human beings themselves. By analyzing the relationship between "super-reality" and "power" in "heterogeneous hackers" and "Truman's World", this paper points out in the conclusion that, with the disappearance of meaning, value and reality, mankind has entered a new form of apocalypse. A state of chaos and disorder hidden under convenience and utility. The Heterogeneity of hackers and the World of Truman present the audience with a "super-real" stage, giving people a deeper understanding of the nature of reality and illusion. Enlighten people in this society full of countless temptations, more critical view of the world and themselves.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J905

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