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《武训传》批判研究

发布时间:2018-11-16 18:36
【摘要】:1951年,新中国刚刚成立不久,文坛上就发生了一件大事,即毛泽东亲自下令对电影《武训传》展开大规模批判,导致对中国新文化的整体格局的发展产生了深远的影响。此前,研究人员在对于《武训传》的研究已经有不少的成就。本文对前人的研究成果作了借鉴与拓展,采用历史学,社会学,政治学,文学,教育学等理论探索毛泽东的文化策略的优缺点,注重新视角,新方法的使用,对转型期社会的政治、经济和文化的复杂关系作出了解和分析,以充分把握和揭示历史事件背后的多种因素之间的内部关系。 武训在历史上曾经是一位非常有名的人物,用平生乞讨得来的钱兴办学校,让自己家乡很多上不起学的孩子受了教育,被当朝统治者作为儒家圣贤的代表人物来宣传推崇的。电影《武训传》在拍摄时考虑到了当时的政治因素,剧本对真实的历史人物和事迹都作出了一些修改,但并没有从根本上改变这一基本概念。因此,这种批判运动在思想和文化层面实际上是对于传统儒家文化的批评,是一个延续了“五四”以来激进的反传统主义的文化战略,体现了中国近代以来层层深入的物质、制度、文化现代化的整个发展过程。 本文以武训为主人公,介绍了他的历史真正面目以及文化形象的演变,对1950电影《武训传》的批判运动及其影响进行了梳理,简单介绍了“文革”结束后官方及学术界对这一事件的深刻反省。由于毛泽东在这场运动中的不可忽视的地位,因此,本文着重探讨毛泽东个人相关思想的分析。毛泽东的文化革命和意识形态批判,唯物史观的阶级斗争理论,文学和艺术的政治理论的观点,他从政治视角对文学和历史学科独立性的忽视,都通过这个关键的批判运动得到推广和普及,产生了极为深远的影响。事实上,毛泽东的思想和理论,有其深厚的历史根源与合理性,,但问题是,他把一个临时的,特殊的,变化的现象看作是是普遍的,永恒的,固定的。结果,渗透潜移默化的思想成为主导力量强行灌输,对于暴力革命的过度主张导致他忽视了人民日益增长的物质文化需要与落后的生产力的矛盾已成为国内的主要矛盾。但政治对文学和艺术创作以及人文和历史研究的错误干涉,使人文学科不得不依附于政治,在政治的统治下苟延残喘。
[Abstract]:In 1951, shortly after the founding of New China, a major event occurred in the literary world, that is, Mao Zedong himself ordered a large-scale critique of the film "the biography of martial arts", which led to a profound impact on the development of the overall pattern of Chinese new culture. Prior to this, researchers have made a lot of achievements in the study of the biography of martial arts. This paper draws lessons from and expands the previous research results, and explores the merits and demerits of Mao Zedong's cultural strategy by using the theories of history, sociology, political science, literature and pedagogy, and pays attention to the use of new perspectives and methods. This paper makes an understanding and analysis of the complex relations among politics, economy and culture in the transitional society, in order to fully grasp and reveal the internal relations between the various factors behind the historical events. Wu Xun was once a very famous figure in history. He set up a school with the money he had earned in his life, so that many children in his hometown who could not afford to go to school were educated and promoted by the ruler as the representative of Confucian sages. The film, "the biography of martial arts", took into account the political factors of the time, and the script made some changes to the real historical figures and deeds, but it did not fundamentally change this basic concept. Therefore, this critical movement is in fact a criticism of the traditional Confucian culture at the ideological and cultural level, a cultural strategy that continues the radical anti-traditionalism since the May 4th Movement, and embodies the layers of material that have deepened since the modern times of China. System, the whole development process of cultural modernization. This paper takes Wu Xun as the protagonist, introduces his historical true features and the evolution of his cultural image, and combs the critical movement and its influence of the 1950 film, the Biography of Wu Xun. This paper briefly introduces the deep reflection of the government and academic circles on this event after the end of the Cultural Revolution. Because Mao Zedong's position in this movement can not be ignored, this paper focuses on the analysis of Mao Zedong's personal thought. Mao Zedong's cultural revolution and ideological criticism, the theory of class struggle in historical materialism, the political theory of literature and art, his neglect of the independence of literature and history from a political perspective, Through this key critical movement to be popularized and popularized, has had the extremely profound influence. In fact, Mao Zedong's thought and theory have deep historical roots and rationality, but the problem is that he regards a temporary, special and changing phenomenon as universal, permanent and fixed. As a result, the infiltrating and imperceptible thought became the dominant force to force indoctrination, and the excessive claim to the violent revolution led him to ignore the contradiction between the people's growing material and cultural needs and the backward productive forces, which had become the main contradiction in our country. However, the wrong interference of politics in literature and art creation, humanities and history makes the humanities subject to politics, and it can not survive under the rule of politics.
【学位授予单位】:哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:J905;I207.35

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