基于硬件加速的户外景物实时绘制

发布时间：2018-02-27 16:33

本文关键词： 真实感图形学硬件加速户外景物　出处：《电子科技大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：真实感图形学是计算机图形学中的一个重要组成部分，它的基本要求就是在计算机中生成三维场景的真实感图形或图像。随着计算机图形学和计算机技术的发展，真实感图形学在我们的日常工作、学习中已经有了越来越多的应用，特别是在广告设计制作、三维游戏制作领域，以真实感图形学原理为指导的图形制作已经成为运用最广泛的技术。而支持可编程渲染管线显卡的问世，使得在渲染过程中多边形转换与光源处理的工作从之前的由软件处理转向了由硬件处理，从而大大加快了图形的渲染速度。许多复杂场景的实时绘制如今成为了可能。但是即便如此，对类似于海洋、地形这些形态复杂的户外景观的真实感实时绘制仍然是非常困难的。因此基于硬件加速的户外景物的真实感实时绘制，依然是一个值得研究的重要课题。特别是对于一些小型广告公司、三维游戏制作公司来说，由于受到资金、成本、人力资源等方面的限制，无法采用高端设备或大开销的算法，必须考虑在现有设备条件下，如何采用更经济、快速、有效的方法来实现尽可能好的效果。因此我们还是要运用一些算法，同时合理借助GPU技术，以期达到真实感与效率并举的结果。本文以硬件开发技术为基础，通过理论研究与实践开发，实现了几种包含多类自然景物的三维虚拟场景。其中海水的真实感实时绘制借助了Perlin噪声生成海浪的方法和基于透视的自适应网格技术以及菲涅尔反射原理，地形的建模借助了高度图生成地形的方法，树木的绘制借助了公告牌（Billboard）技术，天空环境的渲染借助了天空盒的方法。同时通过键盘及鼠标输入，，用户还可以在虚拟场景中进行漫游。文中所设计的方法，已经在几家小型广告公司得到实际应用。实践证明，本技术具有场景逼真度高、景物丰富、渲染速度快而流畅、能为企业节约设备、人力成本等优势。
[Abstract]:Realistic graphics is an important part of computer graphics. Its basic requirement is to generate realistic graphics or images of 3D scene in computer. With the development of computer graphics and computer technology, Realistic graphics has been used more and more in our daily work and study, especially in the field of advertisement design and 3D game making. Graphic making, guided by the principle of realistic graphics, has become the most widely used technology. With the advent of programmable rendering pipeline graphics card, the work of polygon conversion and light source processing in the rendering process changed from software processing to hardware processing. This greatly speeds up the rendering of graphics, and it is now possible to render many complex scenes in real time. But even so, realtime rendering of complex outdoor landscapes like the ocean and terrain is difficult, so hardware-accelerated realtime rendering of outdoor landscapes, It is still an important subject worth studying. Especially for some small advertising companies, 3D game production companies, because of the capital, cost, human resources and other constraints, can not use high-end equipment or expensive algorithms, must be considered in the existing equipment conditions, How to use more economical, fast and effective methods to achieve the best results, so we still need to use some algorithms and reasonable use of GPU technology, in order to achieve the result of simultaneous development of sense of reality and efficiency. This paper is based on hardware development technology, through theoretical research and practical development, Several kinds of 3D virtual scenes are realized, in which the real time rendering of sea water is based on Perlin noise, adaptive mesh technology based on perspective and Fresnel reflection principle. Terrain modeling is done by means of height maps, trees are drawn by Billboard Billboard (Billboard) technology, sky environments are rendered by sky boxes, and keyboard and mouse input are used. Users can also roam in virtual scenes. The method designed in this paper has been applied in several small advertising companies. Practice shows that the technology has the advantages of high fidelity of scene, rich scenery, fast and smooth rendering speed, saving equipment and manpower cost for enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP391.41

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