公共场所从业人员吸烟现况及短信控烟措施的干预效果研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 07:00

本文选题：公共场所 + 从业人员　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的了解合肥市公共场所服务从业人员吸烟和被动吸烟现状、对控烟知识的知晓程度以及对吸烟行为和控烟措施的态度，分析吸烟的相关影响因素。评价手机短信干预措施对提高公共场所从业人员知识知晓率和对控烟措施支持率以及改变公共场所从业人员吸烟相关行为的效果。方法现况调查：本研究的调查现场选择合肥市区的5个疾控中心预防医学体检门诊，采用分层抽样的方法抽取前来体检门诊进行健康体检的公共场所从业人员作为调查对象，采用自行设计调查表进行调查，了解从业人员吸烟和被动吸烟现状以及与吸烟和控烟相关的知识与态度，分析吸烟的相关影响因素。干预试验：设计为随机化对照试验（RCT），将研究一中提供了联系方式（手机号码）并愿意接收控烟短信的调查对象作为本研究的研究对象，随机分成干预组和对照组。利用手机短信发送控烟知识短信作为干预手段对干预组进行干预，干预时间为3个月，期间对干预组的干预对象每人共发送短信75条。干预终止后，，通过电话进行问卷调查，了解干预对象对吸烟和健康有关的知识的知晓率、对控烟措施的态度及吸烟相关行为改变情况。结果现况调查：共调查的合肥市公共场所从业人员1211人中男性608人，女性603人，吸烟率为25.9%，其中男性吸烟率48.8%，女性吸烟率2.8%。现在吸烟率23.7%，其中男性现在吸烟率44.7%，女性现在吸烟率2.5%。不同工作类型的调查对象中，娱乐行业工作人员、食品加工烹饪人员和保健美容人员的吸烟率较高，吸烟率和现在吸烟率分别为43.2%、42.3%、38.1%和40.5%、39.2%、38.1%。对现在吸烟者287人使用FTND量表进行调查，分值最低为0分，最高为8分，平均得分2.01±1.99分，不同年龄、婚姻状况、工作类型、月收入的吸烟者FTND得分差异有统计学意义。调查的314名吸烟者中，有25名目前处于戒烟状态，占7.96%。287名现在吸烟者中，最近12个月采取过戒烟行动的有161人，占56.1%。正在吸烟者中有175人打算将来戒烟，占61.0%，其中138人打算在1年内戒烟，占48.1%，另外有39.0%的吸烟者不准备戒烟。1211名调查对象中，在工作的场所被动吸烟的有869人，被动吸烟率为60.9%。其中男性被动吸烟人数437人，被动吸烟率71.9%，女性被动吸烟298人，被动吸烟率49.4%。按照工作类型分类，被动吸烟率较高的有公司销售人员（78.7%）、娱乐行业工作人员（73.0%）、宾馆旅店服务员（67.9%）。知晓率较高的控烟知识点为“女性吸烟会增加婴儿出生缺陷的风险”（80.7%）、“吸烟会增加肺癌的风险”（78.3%）、“被动吸烟对健康危害很大”（75.0%）；正确率较低的为“烟中的尼古丁不是引起大多数癌症的化学物”（13.7%）、“吸烟会增加脑卒中的风险”（29.5%）、“被动吸烟会增加成人心脏疾病的风险”（31.5%）。84.7%的调查对象知道我国有公共场所禁止吸烟的规定。对待控烟措施的态度中，84.5%的调查对象同意“禁止向未成年人销售香烟”、62.8%同意“禁止所有烟草广告”、82.5%同意“禁止在公共场所吸烟”。对吸烟的影响因素进行非条件多因素Logistic分析发现，影响吸烟的危险因素有：性别为男性、年龄增大、幼年时母亲吸烟、好朋友吸烟、认为“吸烟看起来很酷/很有魅力”；对减少吸烟的保护性因素有：文化程度为大专和本科及以上（相对于小学及以下）、好朋友反对吸烟、母亲反对吸烟、认为“吸烟看起来缺乏教养”。干预试验：干预前后干预对象控烟知识知晓率有明显的提高，控烟知识平均分上升3.22分，明显高于对照组的1.03分。干预后控烟知识的14个知识点中有9个干预组知晓率高于对照组，其中基线调查时知晓率越低的知识点，如“烟中的尼古丁不是引起大多数癌症的化学物”、“吸烟会增加心血管疾病的风险”、“被动吸烟会增加成人心脏疾病的风险”等经过干预后上升的幅度越大；干预后调查对象对三项控烟措施：“禁止向未成年人销售香烟”、“禁止所有烟草广告”、“禁止在公共场所吸烟”的支持程度与对照组相比有了明显的提高；干预前后干预组吸烟者者比例14.6%上升到17.6%，每天吸烟者比例从16.3%下降到15.8%，对照组的吸烟人数由26.2%上升到26.9%，偶尔吸烟者与每天吸烟者人数均有所增加，干预后两组较吸烟状况的差异无统计学意义。干预后干预对象的吸烟行为未明显减少，干预对象中吸烟者的吸烟程度也未明显降低。结论合肥市公共场所从业人员的吸烟率和现在吸烟率略低于国内其他城市的类似调查，也低于合肥市居民的吸烟水平。公共场所从业人员中吸烟者FTND量表平均得分低于国内外相关研究。公共场所从业人员在所工作的场所被动吸烟现象严重。公共场所从业人员对控烟相关知识掌握不够充分，对“烟草烟雾的危害成分”及“吸烟与心脑血管疾病关系”等知识点知晓率较低。母亲的吸烟经历、身边的密切接触的人吸烟行为和对待自己吸烟的态度以及自身对吸烟的态度是公共场所从业人员的吸烟的影响因素。通过对公共场所从业人员为期3个月的控烟短信干预，提高了干预对象的控烟相关知识知晓率和对控烟措施的支持程度，但对干预对象的吸烟行为及吸烟者的吸烟程度都未产生显著影响。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the Hefei city public service workers smoking and passive smoking status, the awareness of tobacco control knowledge and attitudes towards smoking and tobacco control measures and related factors analysis of smoking. Evaluation of mobile phone SMS intervention measures to improve the rate and the measures to control smoking rate and smoking change support employees in public places related behavior awareness effect practitioners of knowledge in public places.
Survey methods: field investigation this study selected 5 Hefei City CDC preventive medicine medical clinic, the stratified sampling method was used to extract medical outpatient health examination of employees in public places as the research object, were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire, understand the practitioners of smoking and passive smoking status and the knowledge and attitude of smoking and tobacco control, related factors analysis of smoking. Intervention trials: Design for randomized controlled trials (RCT), the study provides a contact (mobile phone number) and is willing to receive SMS survey tobacco control as the study object, randomly divided into intervention group and control group. As a means of intervention to intervene the intervention group using mobile phone SMS's knowledge message, the intervention lasted 3 months, during the period of intervention on each image 75 messages were sent. After the termination of the intervention, telephone interviews were conducted to find out the awareness rate of smoking and health related knowledge, attitude towards smoking control and smoking related behavior change among intervention subjects.
Survey results: the survey of employees in public places in Hefei city of 1211 people in 608 male and 603 female, smoking rate was 25.9%, the smoking rate in male is 48.8%, female smoking rate 2.8%. smoking rate was 23.7%, the male smoking rate was 44.7%, the survey of female smoking rate was 2.5%. in different types of work. The entertainment industry staff, food processing and cooking staff health and beauty, the smoking rate is higher, the rate of smoking and 42.3% smoking rates were 43.2%, 38.1%, and 40.5%, 39.2%, 38.1%. using the FTND scale survey of current smokers is 287, the lowest score was 0 points, up 8 points, the average score of 2.01. 1.99, different age, marital status, type of work, there are significant differences in the scores of FTND monthly income of smokers. 314 smokers in the survey, 25 is currently in the smoking state, accounting for 7.96%.287 current smokers Recently, 12 months to quit smoking action has 161 people, accounted for 56.1%. are smokers in 175 people to quit smoking, accounted for 61%, 138 of them in 1 years to quit smoking, accounted for 48.1%, and another 39% of the smokers to quit smoking.1211 subjects, in the work place of passive smoking 869, the passive smoking rate was 60.9%. male passive smoking number 437, passive smoking rate was 71.9%, 298 women with passive smoking, passive smoking rate of 49.4%. classified according to the type of work, passive smoking rate was higher in the company's sales staff (78.7%), the entertainment industry staff (73%), hotel waiter (67.9%). The high awareness of tobacco control knowledge for the "risk of women smoking increases the birth defects" (80.7%), "the risk of smoking increased lung cancer" (78.3%), "passive smoking is harmful to health" (75%); the correct rate are low " The nicotine in cigarettes is not caused by the chemical most cancer "(13.7%)," the risk of smoking increases stroke "(29.5%)," passive smoking increases the risk of adult heart disease "(31.5%).84.7% of respondents know there is no smoking in public places. Treat the attitude of tobacco control measures. 84.5% of the respondents agreed to ban the sale of tobacco to minors", 62.8% "agreed to ban all tobacco advertising," 82.5% "agreed to ban smoking in public places. The influence factors of smoking were non conditional multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the influence of smoking risk factors: sex, age, young mother good friends smoking, smoking, smoking that looks cool / attractive"; to reduce the protective factors of smoking are: the culture degree for college and Bachelor degree or above (relative to the primary school and to Next, a good friend) against smoking, mother against smoking, that smoking looks caddish. Intervention test: the intervention object's knowledge has significantly improved awareness and knowledge of tobacco control average rose 3.22 points, significantly higher than the control group 1.03. Do 14 points in 9 of the prognosis of tobacco control knowledge the awareness rate of intervention group was higher than the control group, the baseline awareness rate of the lower point of knowledge, such as "the nicotine in cigarettes is not caused by the chemical most cancer", "smoking can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease," passive smoking will increase the risk of adult heart disease after intervention after the rise etc. the bigger the intervention; the survey of three tobacco control measures: "prohibit the sale of cigarettes to minors", "ban all tobacco advertising", "no support for smoking in public places and the control group Has been significantly improved compared to the intervention group; the proportion of smokers increased from 14.6% to 17.6%, the proportion of daily smokers decreased from 16.3% to 15.8%, the number of smoking groups increased from 26.2% to 26.9%, the increase in the number of smokers and occasional smokers every day had no statistically significant difference between two groups after intervention compared with dry smoking smoking status. Behavior intervention object did not significantly reduce the degree of smoking, smokers in the intervention objects did not decrease obviously.
Conclusion the employees in public places in Hefei city in the smoking rate and smoking rate was slightly lower than a similar survey of domestic other city residents in the city of Hefei, is also lower than the level of smoking. Employees in public places in smokers FTND scale average score lower than the domestic and foreign related research. Public places practitioners from passive smoking in places the phenomenon of serious work. The employees in public places to control smoking related knowledge is not sufficient, the harm of tobacco smoke components "and" smoking and cardiovascular disease "knowledge awareness rate is low. The mother's smoking experience, around the people in close contact to treat their smoking behavior and smoking attitudes and their attitudes towards smoking is influence factors of employees in public places smoking. The employees in public places for a period of 3 months of intervention to improve tobacco control messages, the object of intervention of smoking control The awareness of related knowledge and the degree of support for tobacco control measures were not significantly affected by the smoking behavior of the participants and the smoking degree of the smokers.

【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R193

【引证文献】