中国小品中言语幽默的语用预设研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 23:22

本文选题：预设 + 预设触发语　；参考：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 作为一种人类特有的语用能力,言语幽默渗透于日常生活的各个层面。因此,与之相关的研究题材相当广泛,如广告幽默、喜剧、小说等文学作品中的幽默、公共演说中的幽默运用、脱口秀中的幽默技巧等等。此外,还有对中外著名情景剧,如《六人行》、《成长的烦恼》、《家有儿女》等的幽默研究。中国小品,作为中国艺术的一种特殊样式,是本文即将探讨的课题。和以往大多数基于理论的宏观研究不同,本文是从具体案例出发,从微观语用层面观察归纳小品幽默中语用预设的使用。在对幽默和预设分别进行了细致的文献梳理之后,本文首先对中国小品这种独特的艺术形式作了简介,并根据所选语料,重新审视了言语幽默中预设触发语的特征,指出话语的任何一个部分都可能成为潜在的预设触发语。随后,针对乖讹论和语义脚本理论尚未解决的问题,本文从语用预设的角度深入探讨了乖讹的深层机制,阐述了在和常识,或说话人之后的言行,或和对方说话人的原意产生不和谐的情况下,语用预设被取消、被保留和加强、被误解或歪曲等事实。这进一步揭示了语用预设的本质:预设不必正确或真实,也不必是对话各方的共识,只要说话人自己认为或假装相信它是真的,且为听话人所熟知即可。在很大程度上,言语幽默正是利用了预设的这些特性制造乖讹,从而产生幽默效果。然而,造成乖讹的深层次原因,与其说是预设,不如说是影响预设产生和推理过程的种种因素,包括语言的模糊性、对话参与者的无知、思维定势,以及说话人的特殊目的,等等。本文依据语料分析,对这些因素逐一进行了讨论。本文通过研究小品幽默中的语用预设,一方面加深了对语用预设本质和特征的理解,另一方面为探索言语幽默的内在机制,尤其是幽默中的乖讹现象,提供了崭新的视角。当然,由于时间和能力有限,不足之处在所难免,需要在后续研究中得以弥补和充实。
[Abstract]:As a unique pragmatic ability, verbal humor permeates every aspect of daily life. Therefore, the relevant research topics are quite extensive, such as humor in advertising, comedy, fiction and other literary works, humor in public speaking, humor skills in talk shows, and so on. In addition, there are humorous studies on famous Chinese and foreign drama, such as "six people", "growing pains", "Home has Children" and so on. Chinese essay, as a special style of Chinese art, is a topic to be discussed in this paper. Different from most previous researches based on theory, this paper starts from specific cases and observes the use of pragmatic presupposition in skit humor from the micro pragmatic level. After combing the literature on humor and presupposition respectively, this paper first introduces the unique artistic form of Chinese essay, and according to the selected corpus, reexamines the characteristics of presupposition trigger in verbal humor. It is pointed out that any part of the discourse may become a potential presupposition trigger. Then, in view of the unsolved problems in the theory of error theory and semantic script theory, this paper probes into the deep mechanism of error from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition, and expounds the words and deeds after common sense, or the speaker's words and deeds. In the case of disharmony with the speaker's original intention, pragmatic presupposition is cancelled, preserved and strengthened, misunderstood or distorted. This further reveals the essence of pragmatic presupposition: presupposition does not have to be correct or true, nor is it the consensus of all parties in the dialogue, as long as the speaker himself believes or pretends to believe it to be true and is well known to the hearer. To a large extent, verbal humor makes good use of these presupposition features to produce humorous effects. However, the underlying causes of error are not so much presupposition as the factors that influence the presupposition and reasoning process, including the vagueness of language, the ignorance of the participants in the dialogue, the stereotype of thinking, and the specific purpose of the speaker. Wait. According to the corpus analysis, this paper discusses these factors one by one. Through the study of pragmatic presupposition in humor, this paper, on the one hand, deepens the understanding of the essence and characteristics of pragmatic presupposition, on the other hand, it provides a new perspective for exploring the internal mechanism of verbal humor, especially the phenomenon of incongruity in humor. Of course, due to limited time and capacity, deficiencies inevitably need to be remedied and enriched in the follow-up study.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H13

【引证文献】