《推销员之死》中的转喻的认知研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 20:45

本文选题：转喻 + 理想化认知模型　；参考：《山东大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文以认知转喻理论为基础,对《推销员之死》中的转喻进行分析,以研究转喻在这部戏剧中的表现形式、运作方式及其功能,从而试图探索转喻对人类的语言和行为的影响。传统的语言学只把转喻视作一种修辞手段、一种语言现象,其功能主要在于间接指称或达到某种修辞效果。随着认知语言学的发展,传统的转喻观遭到了极大的挑战。认知语言学将转喻理解为在同一个理想化认知模型中一个概念实体为另一个概念实体提供心理通道的认知过程。转喻基于人们的日常经验,其本质是概念性的。转喻的认知基础在于概念上的邻近性和认知突显性,其使用是有理据的。关于转喻的运行机制,认知语言学家从不同的视角提出了不同的模型,例如,理想化认知模型、认知参照点、映射或者突显。转喻的功能不再仅仅局限于间接指称,而且在认知、思维、词义扩展、日常交际以及语篇构建等方面都起着重要的作用。现在,人们越来越关注转喻的应用价值,在此方面人们已经进行了若干个案研究。本文作者以对《推销员之死》这部戏剧作品中的转喻分析为例,试图探讨语言和行动中的转喻。本研究是从以下两个层面展开的:一个是微观语言层面,即戏剧文本中的转喻:另一个是宏观结构层面,即舞台表演中的转喻。通过分析,我们看到戏剧文本的措辞和舞台表演的组织在一定程度上是由转喻思维决定的;舞台上事件和人物的呈现也体现了对转喻思维的运用,转喻在舞台表演中确实是一种有效的策略。具体地说,舞台上事件的呈现存在许多空缺,经常只用最初的和最后的场景代表整个事件,这正是“子事件代整个事件”的概念转喻的运用和体现。典型的服装、道具、动作被用来表现人物的职业和身份,此举运用了“突显特征代整个范畴”的概念转喻。通过分析可以看出,作者在构造剧本、导演在指导舞台表演的过程中都运用了转喻思维,这说明转喻不仅影响人们的语言,而且影响人们的行为。舞台表演蕴含着一个选择过程,这个过程是以概念转喻为基础的,通常只选择突显的部分搬上舞台,以此激活整体。在阅读戏剧文本和欣赏舞台表演时,读者和观众都需要借助于转喻的思维方式才能充分地理解这部戏剧。作为一种经济有效的策略,转喻在电影、广告、绘画等各种艺术形式中都会有广泛的利用,这一领域尚需更多系统的研究。本文进一步深化了人们对转喻的理解,为转喻研究开拓了新的领域。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of cognitive metonymy, this paper analyzes metonymy in "death of a Salesman" in order to study the form, mode of operation and function of metonymy in this play, so as to explore the influence of metonymy on human language and behavior. Traditional linguistics only regards metonymy as a rhetorical device and a linguistic phenomenon whose function is mainly to indirectly refer to or achieve a certain rhetorical effect. With the development of cognitive linguistics, the traditional metonymy is challenged greatly. Cognitive linguistics interprets metonymy as a cognitive process in which one conceptual entity provides a psychological channel for another conceptual entity in the same idealized cognitive model. Metonymy is based on people's daily experience and is conceptual in nature. Metonymy is based on conceptual proximity and cognitive salience, and its use is justified. On the mechanism of metonymy, cognitive linguists put forward different models from different perspectives, such as idealized cognitive model, cognitive reference point, mapping or prominence. The function of metonymy is not only limited to indirect reference, but also plays an important role in cognition, thinking, extension of word meaning, daily communication and discourse construction. Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to the application value of metonymy. The author takes the metonymy analysis in "death of a Salesman" as an example to try to explore metonymy in language and action. This research is carried out from the following two aspects: one is the microcosmic language level, namely the metonymy in the drama text; the other is the macroscopic structure level, namely the metonymy in the stage performance. Through analysis, we can see that the wording of the drama text and the organization of the stage performance are to some extent determined by metonymy thinking, and the events and characters on the stage also reflect the use of metonymy thinking. Metonymy is really an effective strategy in stage performance. Specifically, there are many gaps in the presentation of events on the stage, often representing the whole event only in the initial and final scenes, which is precisely the use and embodiment of the conceptual metonymy of "sub-event for the whole event". Typical costumes, props, and actions are used to represent the character's profession and identity, using the conceptual metonymy of "highlighting features for the whole category". It can be seen from the analysis that the author uses metonymy thinking in the process of constructing the script and directing the stage performance, which shows that metonymy not only affects people's language, but also affects people's behavior. Stage performance contains a selection process, which is based on conceptual metonymy. In order to fully understand the play, readers and audience need metonymy to read the text and appreciate the stage performance. As an economical and effective strategy, metonymy is widely used in film, advertising, painting and other art forms, and more systematic research is needed in this field. This paper further deepens people's understanding of metonymy and opens up a new field for metonymy research.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I712.073

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