基于多种生产和订购模式的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-04 17:26

本文选题：供应链管理 + Newsvendor型产品　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】：科学技术的迅猛发展,促使产品的更新换代不断提速,产品生命周期逐渐缩短。这些变化促使越来越多的产品具有Newsvendor型产品的特征,从而也使得Newsvendor型产品供应链管理成为供应链管理领域中的一个重要内容。由于Newsvendor型产品自身所具有的时效性强、需求不确定性大、期末残值低等特性,使得供应链协调运作变得异常棘手。因此,如何有效实现该产品供应链的协调运作,一直是理论界和实务界共同关注的焦点。自上个世纪九十年代以来,针对传统的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调理论的扩展研究取得了较大的进展,获得了一系列的成果。但是这些研究大都聚集于单生产模式和一次订购机会。然而,单一生产模式自身的局限性以及仅有一次订购机会的限制往往使得供应链难以实现对市场需求的精确预测和快速响应,从而给供应链节点企业带来了巨大的生产和经营风险。本文重点探讨了带有多种生产和订购模式的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调问题,根据制造商生产的弹性和销售商订购的灵活性,建立了一整套有关多种生产和订购模式的供应链协调理论体系。论文的主要工作和创新如下: 1.单生产模式下一次订购的供应链协调问题研究。单生产模式和一次订购机会是传统的Newsvendor型产品供应链的研究基石,因此,本文先针对传统的Newsvendor型产品供应链作如下几方面的扩展性研究:首先,将合作广告引入到传统的Newsvendor型产品供应链模型,建立了由单个制造商两个竞争的零售商所组成的两层供应链合作广告模型。其次,将两种营销模式和合作广告同时引入到传统的Newsvendor型产品供应链中,提出了带有直营店和代理商两种营销模式下的Newsvendor型产品合作广告模型,通过分析需求的随机性及直营店的营销模式对制造商的品牌广告和销售商的地方促销广告决策的影响,得出了一些重要的管理启示。另外,将提前期看作是决策变量,提出了基于提前期压缩的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调模型。最后,在假定分销商所面临的需求是与销售价格有关的随机变量以及供、销双方关于分销商销售价格信息不对称这两个前提下,运用委托代理理论研究了由单供应商单分销商组成的两层供应链激励机制设计问题。 2.单生产模式下期末二次订购的供应链协调问题研究。首先,在假定制造商和销售商分摊第二次生产装配费用以及销售期末部分缺货量延期供给情形,建立了由单制造商单销售商组成的两层供应链协调模型。该模型不仅修正了一些学者对二次订购下集中供应链系统期望利润模型的错误认识,而且还弥补了已有文献只适用于销售商来承担二次生产装配费用和期末短缺量完全延期供给的不足。紧接着,本文将上述模型推广到由单制造商多销售商所组成的两层供应链中,探讨了多个竞争的销售商对分散和集中决策下订购策略的影响。将多货栈存贮问题首次引入到带有随机需求的供应链环境中,提出了基于两货栈和两次订购机会的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调模型,并进一步推广至考虑带有固定的订购费用和部分短缺量延期供给、需求具有价格敏感性以及需求依赖广告投入这三种情形。这类模型克服了现有的Newsvendor型产品供应链仅适用于己有货栈容量无限大的不足。 3.单生产模式下期内二次订购的供应链协调问题研究。本文首次将两阶段需求相关性引入到销售期内带有第二次订购机会的Newsvendor型产品供应链模型中,建立了相应的模型并给出了分析解,从而克服了已有的类似模型仅适用于两阶段需求相互独立情形且只能提供数值解的缺陷。另外,已有的第二次订购发生在销售季节内的供应链协调模型均不适用于带有固定的订购费用和装配费用情形,之所以如此,是因为考虑这两个费用将导致模型结构的复杂性和求解的困难性。鉴于这两种费用在供应链节点企业中的广泛存在性,本文首次将上述两阶段需求相关的Newsvencor型产品供应链模型推广到考虑带有固定订购费用和装配费用情形,提出了一个更复杂但更符合实际的供应链协调模型,利用(s,S)策略给出了模型的分析解,同时提出了一个改进的收益共享契约实现了供应链的完美协调。 4.两生产模式下期末二次订购的供应链协调问题研究。首次将制造商的两生产模式引入到第二次订购发生在销售季节末的供应链模型中,从而避免了采用现有文献中提供的单生产模式所导致的生产缺乏柔性。其次,将广告投入和两生产模式同时引入到期末二次订购的Newsvendor型产品供应链中,建立了生产、订购及广告投入同时决策的供应链协调模型。进一步地,研究了广告和价格这两种因素对市场需求的影响,建立了生产、订购、广告投入及定价联合确定的供应链协调模型。与现有模型不同,本文引入了广告投入影响因子和销售价格影响因子的概念,利用这两个因子的两种不同组合方式——加和方式和乘积方式——来刻画实际的市场需求,并通过分析指出了这两种不同需求方式的适应对象。分别提出了两种新的协调契约:一种是改进的收益共享契约,另一种是回购和回扣/惩罚相结合的联合契约,从而大大拓展了传统的收益共享契约和销售回扣契约的应用范围。最后,将两生产模式下期末二次订购的供应链模型扩展至多货栈存贮情形,提出了基于两货栈的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调模型,并进一步推广至考虑带有固定的订购费用和部分短缺量延期供给、需求具有价格敏感性以及需求依赖广告投入等情形。 5.两生产模式下期内二次订购的供应链协调问题研究。现有的关于在销售季节内带有第二次订购机会的文献全都假定制造商采用单生产模式以应对销售商的两次不同的订购,这种假定不仅限制了已有文献的适用范围,而且还忽视了现实中制造商生产的灵活性。因此,本文首次将两生产模式引入到两阶段需求相关的Newsvendor型产品供应链模型中,分别建立了相应的分散决策和集中决策模型并设计了契约以实现供应链协调。进一步地,将固定的装配费用和订购费用引入到上述供应链协调模型中,在综合考虑两生产模式、两阶段需求相关以及每次生产和订购时都分别带有固定的装配费用和订购费用的前提下,建立了Newsvendor型产品供应链协调模型,利用(s,S)策略给出了销售商的最优订购量和制造商的最优生产量,通过一个改进的收益共享契约实现了供应链的完美协调。 6.基于需求信息更新的供应链协调问题研究。首先,将销售商在提前期内的第二次订购时间点作为决策变量,提出了带有需求信息更新时间点决策的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调模型,从而克服了已有模型中第二次订购时间点随意给定的缺陷。其次,将允许顾客退货引入到带有需求信息更新时间点决策的供应链协调模型中,探讨了考虑常数返还率的Newsvendor型产品供应链协调问题。最后,进一步将带有需求信息更新点决策的供应链协调模型扩展到部分短缺量延期供给情形,综合运用了需求信息更新和期末紧急订购这两种手段来减小供应与需求的不匹配,同时探讨了短缺量部分延期供给对供应链双方决策以及供应链运作绩效的影响。上述研究成果不仅丰富了Newsvendor型产品供应链协调理论的内容,也拓宽了传统Newsvendor型产品供应链模型的应用空间,为供应链管理者的决策提供了更充分的科学依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology, the renewal and replacement of products are accelerating, and the life cycle of products is shortened gradually. These changes have prompted more and more products to have the characteristics of Newsvendor type products. Thus, the supply chain management of Newsvendor type products has become an important content in the field of supply chain management. As a result of the Newsvendor type products, the product supply chain management is also an important part of the supply chain management. Because of its strong timeliness, large demand uncertainty and low final residual value, the coordination operation of supply chain has become very difficult. Therefore, how to effectively realize the coordinated operation of the supply chain has always been the focus of both theoretical and practical circles. Since the 90s last century, the traditional Newsvendor type The expansion of the theory of product supply chain coordination has made great progress and gained a series of achievements. However, most of these studies have gathered in the single production model and one order opportunity. However, the limitations of the single production model and the limitation of only one order opportunity make it difficult for the supply chain to realize the market demand. Accurate prediction and rapid response have brought huge production and management risks to the supply chain nodes. This paper focuses on the coordination problem of supply chain for Newsvendor products with multiple production and ordering modes. Based on the flexibility of manufacturer's production and the flexibility of the seller's order, a set of production and order is established. The main work and innovation of the paper are as follows:
The research on supply chain coordination of one order under the 1. single production mode. Single production mode and one order opportunity are the cornerstones of the traditional Newsvendor product supply chain. Therefore, this paper first studies the traditional Newsvendor type supply chain for the following aspects: first, the cooperative advertisement is introduced to the traditional Newsvend. The model of or product supply chain has established a two layer supply chain cooperative advertising model consisting of two competitive retailers in a single manufacturer. Secondly, the two marketing modes and cooperative ads are introduced into the traditional Newsvendor product supply chain, and the Newsvendor type production with two marketing modes of direct store and agent is put forward. Based on the analysis of the randomness of demand and the marketing model of direct store on the influence of the manufacturer's brand advertising and the retailer's local promotional advertising decision, some important management revelations are obtained. In addition, the lead time is considered as a decision variable, and the Newsvendor product supply chain association based on the pre extraction period is proposed. In the end, on the assumption that the demand for the distributor is a random variable related to the sales price and the two parties, on the premise that the sales price information is asymmetric between the distributors and the distributors, the principal-agent theory is used to study the design of the incentive mechanism of the two layer supply chain composed of single supplier and single distributor.
In the 2. single production model, the study of supply chain coordination at the end of the final two orders is studied. First, the two layer supply chain coordination model, composed of single manufacturer and single seller, is established on the assumption that the manufacturer and the seller share the second production assembly costs and the end of the sales period. The false understanding of the expected profit model of the centralized supply chain system under the two order has also made up for the shortage of the existing literature only applicable to the seller to undertake the two production assembly cost and the final shortage of the final shortage. Then, this paper extends the above model to the two layer supply composed of single manufacturer and multiple sellers. In the chain, the influence of multiple competitive sellers on the ordering strategy under decentralized and centralized decision-making is discussed. The multi stack storage problem is introduced to the supply chain environment with random demand for the first time, and the Newsvendor product supply chain coordination model based on two warehouses and two order opportunities is proposed, which is further extended to consider with a fixed supply chain. The three cases of demand are price sensitive and demand dependence on advertising input. This model overcomes the shortcoming that the existing Newsvendor product supply chain is only applicable to the unlimited capacity of its own warehouse.
In the study of the supply chain coordination of the two order in the 3. single production mode, this paper first introduces the correlation of two stages to the model of Newsvendor product supply chain with second order opportunities in the sale period, establishes the corresponding model and gives the analytical solution, thus overcoming the existing similar models only for the two order. In addition, the existing second order supply chain coordination models, which occur during the selling season, are not applicable to the fixed order and assembly costs. This is the reason that the consideration of the two costs will lead to the complexity of the model structure and the difficulty of solving it. In view of the widespread existence of these two costs in the supply chain node enterprises, this paper first generalize the above two phase demand related Newsvencor product supply chain model to the case of fixed order cost and assembly cost, and propose a more complex but more practical supply chain coordination model, using the (s, S) strategy. The analytical solution of the model is given, and an improved revenue sharing contract is proposed to achieve the perfect coordination of the supply chain.
The study of supply chain coordination at the end of the two order in the 4. two production model. First, the manufacturer's two production model was introduced to the supply chain model that occurred at the end of the sales season at the end of the second order, thus avoiding the lack of flexibility in the production of the single production model provided in the existing literature. The mode of production is introduced into the Newsvendor product supply chain at the end of the final two orders, and a supply chain coordination model is established for the simultaneous decision of production, ordering and advertising. Further, the impact of the two factors on the market demand is studied, and the combined supply chain association of production, ordering, advertising input and pricing is established. Different from the existing model, this paper introduces the concept of the impact factor of advertising input and the impact factor of the sales price, and uses the two different combinations of these two factors - adding and the way and product way - to describe the actual market demand, and points out the adaptable objects of the two different demand modes by analysis. Two new coordination contracts are proposed: one is an improved income sharing contract, the other is a combination of repurchase and rebate / penalty, which greatly expands the application scope of the traditional revenue sharing contract and the sales rebate contract. Finally, the supply chain model at the end of the two production mode at the end of the two order is extended to the maximum stack. In the case of storage, a supply chain coordination model of Newsvendor type product based on the two warehouse is proposed, which is further extended to consider the fixed order cost and partial shortage delay supply, the demand has price sensitivity and demand dependence on advertising input.
5. the supply chain coordination of the two order in the two production model. The existing literature on the second order opportunities within the sales season assumes that the manufacturer uses a single production model to deal with the two different orders of the seller. This assumption not only limits the scope of the literature, but also ignores the present situation. For the first time, the two production model is introduced into the two stage Newsvendor model of demand related supply chain, and the corresponding decentralized decision and centralized decision-making model is established and the contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain. In the coordination model of the supply chain, the Newsvendor product supply chain coordination model is established on the basis of the two production model, the two phase demand correlation and the fixed assembly and ordering costs for each production and order. The optimal ordering quantity and the manufacturer are given by using the (s, S) strategy. The optimal output is achieved through an improved revenue sharing contract to achieve the perfect coordination of the supply chain.
6. research on supply chain coordination problem based on demand information updating. First, the second order time points of the seller in the lead time are taken as decision variables, and the Newsvendor product supply chain coordination model with the updating time point of demand information is proposed, thus overcoming the random given time point of the second order time points in the model. Secondly, the customer return is allowed to be introduced into the supply chain coordination model with demand information updating time point decision, and the Newsvendor product supply chain coordination problem considering constant return rate is discussed. Finally, the supply chain coordination model with demand information updating point decision is further extended to some shortage delay supply. The two means of demand information updating and final emergency ordering are used to reduce the mismatch between supply and demand. At the same time, the influence of the partial delay supply on the supply chain decision-making and the performance of supply chain operation is discussed.
The research results not only enrich the content of the supply chain coordination theory of Newsvendor products, but also broaden the application space of the traditional Newsvendor model supply chain model, and provide more sufficient scientific basis for the decision of the supply chain managers.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F224;F274

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