美、日百年动画形象研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 18:28

【摘要】： 本研究综合运用历史观点和美学观点有机统一的研究方法、符号学的研究方法，从符号特征和文化内涵的角度切入研究，分析了226个以美国和日本为代表的经典商业动画形象。通过考察中国动画产业的困境现状，本研究揭示了中国原创动画在政策倾斜和巨大的市场需要面前，裹足不前的真正症结；剖析了当前动画业界和理论界抱持的错误观念。文章借鉴世界动画产业尤其是美国和日本的成功经验和运作手法，明确指出中国动画产业发展的瓶颈在于忽视动画形象的创意、制作和开发，并由此发现了两个重要规律：其一，动漫产业的本质是形象产业，动画形象的号召力是直接决定动漫产业竞争力的最关键因素之一。动画形象之于商业动画片，类似“商业电影中的电影明星”，尤如“商业广告中的明星代言人”，是不可或缺的关键角色；其二，中国“萌产业”实体的核心竞争力是开发拥有版权归属的动画形象的产业符号。为了说明动画形象之于商业动画片和动画产业的重要性，本研究遵循历史研究的方法，用史学的方法科学地建构世界商业动画形象群像图。本文从历史的尘埃中挖掘出古文明时代有图像记载的最早的原始动画形象，从两万五千年前的石器时代人类试图用笔(或石块)捕捉凝结动作的滥觞到中国马家窑文化时期原始的人物动画形象再到埃及的法老时代神庙的“神”虚拟动画形象，捕获到原始动画形象的现世和发展踪迹。19世纪末20世纪初，动画技术基本成形，动画形象得以摆脱原始形态步入现代行列。溯源现代动画形象的诞生，考证动画形象史上的诸多“第一”，其目的是试图通过从原始动画形象到现代动画形象的源起特点和发展趋势规律的寻踪，拂开动画形象技术创造和艺术装饰的面纱，探查动画形象的精神本质和文化内涵的真实面相。本研究一方面广泛清理国内、国外动画形象史学和动画形象理论成果，从中探寻关涉动画形象内容介绍和文化分析的素材。另一方面，利用交叉分析得到大量收视数据，重点对北京、上海、广州、成都、杭州、武汉、兰州、西安、沈阳、长沙10个具有收视代表性的城市做了动画片收视受众的细分数据样本研究，以此获得的第一手动画形象库为基础，通过长期的大量的资料搜集和样本甄选工作，提取了美国和日本自本国商业动画片诞生以来，在动画片史上有深远影响的动画形象、获得世界重要奖项的动画片中的动画形象、高票房动画片中的动画形象和浙江大学数字娱乐研究中心于2005年在中国北京、上海、广州、杭州和成都5个城市进行的受众“最喜欢的动漫形象”的调查和2006年进行的第二次补充调查的资料为蓝本，几者结合，交叉分析，遴选出美国和日本商业动画片中的经典动画形象的样本。世界商业动画片市场长期由美国和日本占居绝对主导地位，美国和日本的动画形象造成中国动画消费市场直接的经济流失，更至关重要的是中国青少年深受美国和日本动画形象的文化熏陶，形成与中国民族文化的竞争之势。知已知彼才能扬长避短，本研究对动画片诞生百年来的美国和日本商业动画片中的经典动画形象进行了大型的全面的梳理和分析。意在通过对世界动画产业最发达的美国和日本动画形象的本质特点和文化内涵的深层分析，以期接通中国与世界动画产业发展前沿的路径，力图为中国动画产业的良性循环提供一条新路，同时也为当前动画理论研究开一个生面。针对样本中的每个动画形象，本研究以美学特征、时代特征和文化特征为基点结合分析，运用历史观点和美学观点有机统一的研究方法，力图剖析成功的商业动画形象的内涵。本文认为：动画形象是典型的符号文本，动漫产业是符号生产。美国和日本将动画形象符号既作为内容也作为工具娴熟地进行商业运作，是其动漫产业成功的秘诀。本研究在动画形象的符号学分析中，提出了文化符号改写的观点，分析了商业动画片中动画形象的衍生产品的市场化运作是文化符号向产业符号的转换。鉴于美国迪斯尼商业动画遮蔽式的耀眼光芒，本文将美国商业动画形象史分为“前迪斯尼时代”、“迪斯尼时代”和“后迪斯尼时代”三个时期，挖掘清理出前迪斯尼时代渐渐沉沙在历史的长河中的动画形象，以文化尊重和美国动画形象完整研究需要的虔诚态度将之记载于世界动画形象史上。在日本经典商业动画形象的研究中，，本文导入了“物哀”等日本传统文化进行文化内涵和符号建构的对比分析，重点对手XZ治虫和吉卜力的作品，尤其是宫崎骏创作的动画形象进行了符号分析和社会反思。全文共分六章。第一章为导论，提出了动画形象的研究命题，简要论述了研究动画形象的文化意义和经济意义，界定了商业动画片、动画形象、原始动画形象的基本概念，阐述了研究对象、研究途径和研究的方法。第二章是国内、国外相关研究的综述。国内研究综述从动画史研究、动画形象品评、动画教材中的动画形象创作、建构动画形象研究的基础理论及动画辞典中的动画形象档案五个方面总结了近年来中国动画形象研究的状况和发展的趋势；国外研究综述从动画文化的角度对世界动画历史和动画基础理论涉及动画形象的研究状况进行了概括，评述了亚太动画研究中的东方动画形象和世界动画形象新语境研究中的动画学术转向，重点评价了迪斯尼动画文化研究的文化价值。第三章从动画片的起源厘清了原始动画形象和现代动画形象的诞生和发展历史，鉴定和明确了动画形象史上的多个“第一”。第四章和第五章是本研究的重点，分别从美国和日本动画形象诞生始，对美国和日本商业动画片中的经典动画形象进行了全面梳理，对样本中的每一个动画形象进行了文化内涵和符号特征分析，结合历史时代特征剖析了动画形象的美学特点。介绍了旗帜式的动画大师的生平，分析其创作动画形象的时代社会政治背景、经济生活和思想文化思潮特点，以期通过这种综合研究，增添其创作经典动画形象的背景文化认知，揭示更深刻的内涵。第六章综合分析了动画形象的符号意义，例举说明动画形象是符号的生产和传播，典型动画形象正是典型的符号文本。动画形象的文化价值是文化符号的写作，动画形象的产业价值是产业符号的建立，动画形象是符号的存在。最后的结语将全文几个部分贯穿起来，归纳了受众喜爱的动画形象的四个共性特点，进一步总结了经典商业动画形象的一些普遍规律。本研究基本厘清了世界动画产业前沿的美国和日本的经典商业动画形象系列及其特征，分析了成功商业动画形象的符号特点和文化内涵，从一个特殊的角度探讨了中国动画产业不能健康发展的根本原因，达到了本研究预设的目标。
[Abstract]:In this study, the research method of the organic unity of historical and aesthetic views, the research method of semiotics, from the perspective of symbolic and cultural connotations, is made to analyze 226 classic commercial animation images represented by the United States and Japan.
Through the investigation of the current situation of the Chinese animation industry, this study reveals the real crux of the Chinese animation in the front of the policy tilt and the huge market needs, and analyzes the wrong ideas held by the current animation industry and the theorists. The article draws on the successful experience and operation of the world animation industry, especially in the United States and Japan. It is clearly pointed out that the bottleneck of the development of Chinese animation industry lies in neglecting the creativity, production and development of animation image, and thus found two important laws: first, the essence of the animation industry is the image industry, and the appeal of animation image is one of the most important factors that directly determine the competitiveness of the animation industry. Pictures, similar to "movie stars in commercial movies", especially "star spokesmen in commercial advertisements", are indispensable key roles. Secondly, the core competitiveness of the Chinese "sprout" entity is the industrial symbol of developing the animated image of copyright ownership.
In order to illustrate the importance of animation image to commercial animated cartoon and animation industry, this study constructs the image group image of world commercial animation with historical methods. This paper excavates the earliest original animated images recorded in ancient civilization from the dust of history, from twenty thousand to five thousand years ago. In the stone age, people tried to use pen (or stone) to capture the origin of the movement of condensation to the original character animation image of the Chinese Ma kiln culture period and then to the "God" virtual animation image of the temple of the Pharaoh times of Egypt. It captured the present and developing traces of the original animation image in the early twentieth Century of the.19 century, the animation technology was basically formed and animated. It is able to get out of the original form and enter the modern ranks. To trace the birth of the modern animation image and to examine many "first" in the history of the animation image, the purpose is to seek the trace of the origin and development trend of the modern animation image from the original animation image to the modern animation image, and explore the veil of the image technology creation and the art decoration. The spiritual essence of animated images and the true face of cultural connotations.
On the one hand, we thoroughly clean up the domestic and foreign animation image historical and animated image theory, and explore the material for the introduction and cultural analysis of the animated images. On the other hand, a large number of viewing data are obtained by cross analysis, with the emphasis on 10 implements in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Lanzhou, Xi'an, Shenyang and Changsha. On the basis of the first hand animation image library, the representative city has done the research on the subdivision data sample of the animated cartoon audience, and extracted the cartoon image which has far-reaching influence in the history of cartoon since the birth of the American and Japanese commercial cartoons. Animation images, cartoon images in high box office animations and the digital entertainment research center of Zhejiang University in 5 cities in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Chengdu in 2005, and second supplementary surveys conducted in 2006 A sample of classic animation images in commercial cartoons in the United States and Japan is selected based on several combinations and cross analysis.
The world commercial cartoon market is dominated by the United States and Japan for a long time. The animation image of the United States and Japan has caused the direct economic loss in the Chinese animation consumer market. The more important thing is that Chinese teenagers are deeply influenced by the animation image of the United States and Japan to form the competition with the Chinese national culture. This study has carried out a large and comprehensive analysis and analysis of the classic animation image of the American and Japanese commercial cartoons that have been born for a hundred years. The purpose is to connect China to the world through the deep analysis of the essential features and cultural connotations of the most developed American and Japanese animation images in the world animation industry. The frontier of animation industry is trying to provide a new way for the virtuous circle of China's animation industry, and it also opens up a new aspect for the current animation theory research.
In view of every animated image in the sample, this study combines aesthetic features, time characteristics and cultural features as the base point, and uses historical and aesthetic perspectives to analyze the connotation of successful commercial animation image.
The cartoon image is a typical symbol text, the animation industry is the symbol production. The United States and Japan take the animation image symbols as the content as well as the tools to carry out the business operation skillfully, which is the secret of the success of the animation industry. The commercialization of derivative products of commercial animation is the transformation of cultural symbols to industrial symbols.
In view of the dazzling light of American Disney's commercial animation, this article divides the history of American commercial animation into the three periods of "the former Disney era", "Disney era" and "post Disney era", to dig out the animated images of the former Disney era in the history of history, with cultural respect and American animation. The pious attitude of image integrity research is recorded in the history of world animation.
In the study of Japanese classic commercial animation image, this article introduces the comparative analysis of the cultural connotation and symbolic construction of Japanese traditional culture, such as "the mourning" and so on. The key rivals XZ and Ghibli, especially the animated images created by Hayao Miyazaki, have carried on the symbolic analysis and social reflection.
The full text is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction, put forward the research proposition of animation image, briefly discuss the cultural significance and economic significance of the study of animation image, define the basic concepts of commercial animated cartoon, animation image, original animation image, and elaborate the research object, research approach and research method.
The second chapter is a summary of domestic and foreign related research. The domestic research review summarizes the status and development trend of Chinese animation image research in recent years from the history of animation, animation image evaluation, animation image creation in animated textbooks, the basic theory of constructing animation image research and the five aspects of animation image files in the animation dictionary. From the point of view of animation culture, a summary of the research status of the world animation history and the basic theory of animation involving animated images from the angle of animation culture is summarized, and the academic turn of animation in the research of the new context of the Oriental animation image and the world animation image in the study of the Asia Pacific animation is reviewed, and the culture of Disney animation is evaluated. Value.
The third chapter clarifies the birth and development history of the original animation image and the modern animation image from the origin of the animated cartoon, and identifies and clarifies many "first" in the history of the animation image.
The fourth and fifth chapters are the focus of this study. From the birth of the animated images of the United States and Japan, the classic animated images of the American and Japanese commercial animations are thoroughly combed, the cultural connotation and symbolic features of each animated image of the sample are analyzed, and the beauty of the animated images is analyzed in the light of the characteristics of the historical era. This paper introduces the life of the flag style animation master, analyzes the social and political background, the economic life and the ideological and cultural characteristics of his creative animation image, in order to add the background and cultural cognition to the creation of the classic animation image through this comprehensive study, and to reveal a more profound connotation.
The sixth chapter comprehensively analyzes the symbolic meaning of the animated image. The example shows that the animation image is the production and dissemination of the symbol. The typical animation image is the typical symbolic text. The cultural value of the animated image is the writing of the cultural symbol, the industrial value of the animation image is the establishment of the industrial symbol, and the animation image is the existence of the symbol.
The final conclusion runs through several parts of the full text, summarizes the four common features of the animated image of the audience, and further summarizes some general rules of the classic commercial animation image.
This study clarifies the series and features of the classic commercial animation image of the United States and Japan at the forefront of the world animation industry, analyzes the symbolic and cultural connotations of the successful commercial animation image, and probes into the root cause of the healthy development of the Chinese animation industry from a special point of view, and has reached the goal of this study.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：J954

【引证文献】