乌托邦与消费社会中的城市设计

发布时间：2018-09-17 20:03

【摘要】：城市设计与乌托邦从诞生之始就有着本质上的同源性,而两者的交融协作开创了理想与现实从隔绝到结合的崭新局面。本文试图深入挖掘这一关联,通过从生产社会到消费社会乌托邦与城市设计发展趋向转变的论述,揭示当代城市空间发展的困境,同时探寻可能的城市设计应对思路与方法。本文首先对城市设计与乌托邦之间相互影响的基本关系进行论述,阐明乌托邦思想对城市设计发展的影响,并对空间生产及消费社会等相关背景概念做基本的综述。接着对历史情景中的城市乌托邦发展脉络进行分析。论述生产社会中空想主义、自然主义、现代主义三种类型的城市乌托邦理念。经由空间生产的角度,探索资本主义与城市空间发展之间的矛盾,以及对应的乌托邦路径。重点论述70年代以来的文化转型和以消费主义为表征的后现代城市社会,在由空间生产转向空间消费的过程中,在时空压缩的影响之下,商品化的当代城市空间呈现出的片断化、碎片化、符号化、虚拟化的倾向,以信息网络为支撑,通由广告、图像、电影等各种媒介充分展现出来。然后从空间商品化产生的城市矛盾中以及现代资本主义城市社会自我修正的路径中,找寻发达国家在处理城市问题的城市设计策略,重点关注社会极化与生态危机两个方面问题。总结当代城市设计的乌托邦思想三个基本趋向:一是城市主义乌托邦思想,它以大城市为研究的根本立足点,强调并肯定城市的存在的合理性,力图塑造的是以城市为核心的现代生活。与之相反的是反城市主义乌托邦,以批判城市与否定城市为代表,回归乡野自然是他们的终极目标。第三类是控制性城市主义乌托邦。它即不同意城市主义乌托邦也不赞成反城市主义乌托邦,而是在批判两者的基础上提出了第三种可能性。这种城市主义乌托邦思想与社会现实最好的结合点在于,它能对当前主流的城市主义理念方向(这里尤指第一类)作出批判性审视,并根据变化随时做出修正与补充,避免其完全流入资本主义政治经济体制之中成为另一件商品,是富有乌托邦想象的建筑师们在不断寻找与现实的契合点过程中的一种实践性较强的城市主义类型。最后在对中国城市空间进行思考与分析的基础上,从日常生活实践出发,选择运用辩证的思路来处理各方关系,这种基于宏观层面的平衡即是对社会不平等的回应,又同时指向环境可持续性发展。一方面强调了从更高的视角,更广阔的视野把社会各领域与建筑联系起来,既有真实的创见又有更重要的前瞻性,这便是城市设计与乌托邦的交汇点,也是将其两者相结合的意义所在。另一方面强调以更为广泛的视角来看待城市设计,以及城市设计对于城市社会活动的多重参与性,正是需要这种参与性才能使城市设计更好的致力于建成环境的营造之中,不仅是作为一种技术过程,也不仅是作为一种社会过程,而是作为一种富有创造性的过程,在建造生产城市空间的同时,也关注了解过程中的各方因素及结果。唯有此才能处理作为社会空间集合体的城市空间的诸多复杂情况,将技术、社会与个人的表达诠释相结合,参与到所有宏观及微观方面的建成环境塑造之中。而乌托邦与城市设计的交联,将成为促成这一整体性认知的可能契机。
[Abstract]:Urban design and Utopia are essentially homologous from the very beginning of their birth, and the blending and cooperation of the two create a new situation in which ideal and reality are separated from each other and combined. This paper attempts to dig into this connection and reveal the contemporary urban emptiness by discussing the transformation of Utopia and urban design from production society to consumption society. Meanwhile, it explores the possible ways and means of urban design.
Firstly, this paper discusses the basic relationship between urban design and Utopia, clarifies the influence of Utopia on urban design development, and summarizes the related background concepts such as spatial production and consumer society.
Then it analyzes the development of urban Utopia in the historical context, discusses three types of urban utopian concepts: utopianism, naturalism and Modernism in the productive society, explores the contradiction between capitalism and urban spatial development and the corresponding Utopian path from the perspective of spatial production. Since the cultural transformation and the post-modern urban society characterized by consumerism, in the process of changing from space production to space consumption, under the influence of space-time compression, the commercialized contemporary urban space has shown a tendency of fragmentation, fragmentation, symbolization and virtualization, supported by information network, and through advertisements, images, films, etc. Various media are fully displayed.
Then, from the urban contradictions caused by space commercialization and the path of self-correction of modern capitalist urban society, the urban design strategies of developed countries in dealing with urban problems are found, focusing on social polarization and ecological crisis.
This paper summarizes three basic tendencies of Utopia in contemporary urban design: one is urbanism Utopia, which emphasizes and affirms the rationality of the existence of cities from the basic standpoint of metropolitan study, and tries to shape the modern life with the city as its core. On the contrary, it is Anti-Urbanism Utopia, which criticizes the city or not. The third kind is the controlling urbanism Utopia. It does not agree with the urbanism Utopia and does not agree with the Anti-Urbanism Utopia, but puts forward a third possibility on the basis of criticizing the two. This kind of urbanism Utopia thought is the best end of social reality. The point of convergence is that it can critically examine the direction of the current mainstream urbanism, especially the first category, and make amendments and supplements at any time according to changes, so as to prevent it from flowing completely into the capitalist political and economic system and becoming another commodity. It is the utopian imagination of architects who are constantly searching for a contract with reality. A practical type of urbanism in the process of integration.
Finally, on the basis of thinking and analyzing the urban space of China, starting from the daily life practice, the author chooses to use dialectical thinking to deal with the relationship between various parties. This balance based on macro-level is not only a response to social inequality, but also a direction to the sustainable development of the environment. Visual field connects all fields of society with architecture, which has both genuine originality and more important foresight. This is the intersection point of urban design and Utopia, and also the significance of combining them. On the other hand, it emphasizes that urban design should be viewed from a broader perspective and that urban design has multiple effects on urban social activities. Participation is needed to make urban design better committed to the construction of the built environment, not only as a technical process, but also as a social process, but also as a creative process, in the construction of production urban space, while also concerned about the understanding of the various factors in the process. As a result, only in this way can we deal with the complex situation of urban space as a social space aggregate, combine technology, social and personal expression and interpretation, and participate in all macro and micro aspects of the building environment shaping.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TU981

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