游戏中实时渲染的研究与应用

发布时间：2018-12-26 09:44

【摘要】：在当前计算机运算处理能力与显示能力共同提升的情况下,同时又要保证一定的程序运行效率的基础上,计算机可以绘制出更加逼真的三维场景。然而传统的游戏画面还停留在过去的图形硬件显示水平上,游戏场景相对而言比较粗糙,已经不能满足当前游戏产品的新需求,如果一款大型的3D游戏还是以较差的显示效果发布的话,极有可能会在第一时间里被玩家淘汰掉,那么游戏本身在的其他方面所做的创新与改造也会失去其意义。针对这种情况,当前的游戏产品需要加入更多利用实时渲染的场景元素,以增强场景的真实感体验。本论文研究的对象是游戏中水面的实时渲染与阴影的实时渲染,目的是为了将水面与阴影这两种效果,以更加符合人们审美观的方式应用到游戏的场景中。水面渲染部分研究了水面效果的数学模型,包括水面波浪起伏变化的模拟和水面光学效果的计算,并将其转化为数学方程公式。水面渲染的整个过程,从图形渲染的角度可以拆分成几个相对独立的渲染单元与计算单元,分别对其进行独立的设计实现。同时水面渲染要涉及到多个水面信息调整参数,将这些参数添加到场景编辑器中进行编辑,会渲染出多种不同效果的水面。阴影渲染采用了模板阴影体与阴影贴图两种不同实现技术,本文深入研究了这两种阴影效果的实现原理以及它们各自的特点,分析设计了这两种阴影的实现流程,并且针对各自的实现特点进行了效果与效率方面的对比,最后详细描述了这两种阴影在实现过程中的关键步骤,以及在项目应用中的方法与技巧。将以上两个方面的效果应用到游戏当中,会对游戏场景的真实感起到很大的作用,让玩家具有更强的置入感,尤其是对于写实风格的游戏来说。同时论文的研究的方案可以应用于多个领域,比如说虚拟现实的展示、电影特效模拟、广告的制作等等。
[Abstract]:The computer can draw a more realistic 3D scene on the basis of the improvement of the ability of computer processing and display, and at the same time ensuring the running efficiency of the program. However, the traditional game screen still stays at the level of graphics hardware display in the past. The game scene is relatively rough and can no longer meet the new requirements of the current game products. If a large 3D game is released with poor display, it is likely to be eliminated in the first place, and other aspects of innovation and transformation of the game itself will lose its meaning. In view of this situation, the current game products need to add more scene elements using real-time rendering to enhance the realistic experience of the scene. The object of this thesis is the real-time rendering of water surface and shadow in the game. The purpose of this paper is to apply these two effects to the game scene in a more aesthetic way. In the part of water surface rendering, the mathematical model of water surface effect is studied, including the simulation of wave fluctuation and the calculation of surface optical effect, which is transformed into mathematical equation formula. The whole process of surface rendering can be divided into several relatively independent rendering units and computing units from the point of view of graphic rendering. At the same time, water surface rendering involves a number of water surface information adjustment parameters. Adding these parameters to the scene editor for editing, will render a variety of different effects of the water surface. Shadow rendering adopts two different realization techniques: template shadow body and shadow map. This paper deeply studies the realization principle of these two kinds of shadow effects and their respective characteristics, and analyzes and designs the realization flow of these two kinds of shadows. Finally, the key steps of the two kinds of shadows in the implementation process, as well as the methods and techniques in the project application are described in detail. The application of the above two aspects to the game will play a great role in the reality of the game scene, so that the player has a stronger sense of placement, especially for the realistic style of the game. At the same time, the research scheme can be applied to many fields, such as virtual reality display, film special effects simulation, advertising production and so on.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TP391.41

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