《史记》反义词研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 05:18

本文关键词：《史记》反义词研究　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反义词作为汉语词汇系统中重要的子系统之一,应该受到研究者的足够重视。《史记》成书于西汉,处于汉语由上古到中古的过渡时期,并且其语言风格具有口语性,能够真实地反映当时的语言风貌。因此,本文以《史记》为语料,在对《史记》反义词判定的基础上对它们进行共时描写与历时探讨,分析《史记》反义词的特点与演变情况。具体章节安排如下：绪论部分对古汉语反义词的研究现状及《史记》语言研究现状进行了归纳和整理,并确定本论文的研究方法。第一章对反义词的判定问题进行了梳理,探讨了反义词的判定标准及判定方法。第二章着重对《史记》反义词判定中出现的一系列问题进行了探讨,我们发现句式对《史记》反义词的判定有着一定的影响。此外,我们还对《史记》中语言反义词及言语反义词、同义词、对义词,单音节反义词与反义相成词,双音节反义词与词组的区分问题做出了论述,以便更好地认识语言系统当中的反义现象,在此基础上总结出本文所依据的标准,得出《史记》反义词的判定结果。第三章主要对《史记》反义词进行了语义方面的分析,分为双边单项对立、双边多项对立、多边单项对立及多边多项对立四种类型来进行详细描写分析,发现《史记》反义词类型丰富、用法灵活。第四章对《史记》反义词的语用功能做出了讨论,主要从构词与表达两个方面来论述,发现《史记》反义词有着强大的构词与表达功能。第五章对《史记》反义词的历时演变做出了探讨,并总结了各种演变情况,探讨演变原因。最后,论文总结了《史记》反义词的特点,主要结合《史记》反义词的词类划分、语义分析、语用功能及历时演变等方面来总结,以期对反义聚合这一词汇现象及汉语上古到中古时期词汇特点有更为深入的认识。
[Abstract]:Antonyms, as one of the important subsystems of Chinese lexical system, should be paid enough attention by researchers. The Records of History was written in the Western Han Dynasty, which is in the transitional period from ancient to middle Chinese. And its language style has the spoken language, can truly reflect the language style at that time. Therefore, this paper takes the Records of the historian as the corpus. The synchronic description and diachronic analysis of antonyms in Records of History are made on the basis of judging them. The characteristics and evolution of antonyms are analyzed. The specific chapters are arranged as follows: The introduction part summarizes and arranges the research status of ancient Chinese antonyms and the language of Records of History, and determines the research methods of this paper. The first chapter combs the judgment of antonyms and discusses the criteria and methods of judging antonyms. The second chapter focuses on a series of problems in judging antonyms in Records of History. We find that sentence patterns have a certain impact on the judgment of antonyms. We also discuss the distinction between language antonyms and speech antonyms synonyms synonyms monosyllabic antonyms and antonyms as well as disyllabic antonyms and phrases. In order to better understand the antonym phenomenon in the language system, on the basis of which the standard of this paper is summarized, and the judgment result of the antonym in the Book of History is obtained. The third chapter mainly analyzes the semantic aspects of antonyms in Records of History, which are divided into four types: bilateral single opposites, bilateral multi-opposites, multilateral monomial opposites and multilateral multi-opposites. It is found that the antonyms are rich in types and flexible in usage. Chapter 4th discusses the pragmatic functions of antonyms in the Book of History, mainly from the two aspects of word formation and expression, and finds that the antonyms have strong functions of word formation and expression. Chapter 5th probes into the diachronic evolution of antonyms in Records of the History, and summarizes the evolution and reasons. Finally, the paper summarizes the characteristics of antonyms, mainly combining the classification of parts of speech, semantic analysis, pragmatic functions and diachronic evolution of antonyms. We hope to have a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of antisense aggregation and the characteristics of Chinese vocabulary from ancient to middle times.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H131

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