英汉致使动词语义特征对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 04:54

本文关键词： 致使动词语义成分论元语义共现关联性　出处：《延边大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：致使是人类语言中一个基本的概念,其核心的表达方式是致使动词。英汉致使动词表达的意义基本相同,即致使者对受致使者施加某种致使力,导致受致使者产生某种动作行为或状态变化,其核心语义成分为[+致使]。本文选取致使力为言语方式的致使动词作为研究对象。本文以对比语言学、语义学等理论为基础,对四个英语致使动词("ask"、"order"、"command"、"persuade")和六个汉语致使动词(“请求”、“要求”、“命令”、“吩咐”、“说服”、“劝说”)及其内、外论元的语义特征进行对比分析,并探索这些致使动词及其内、外论元的语义共现关系。本文首先运用语义成分分析法提取出英汉致使动词的核心语义成分,共性语义成分是[+致使]、[+事件]、[+单向性],区别性语义成分是[+主体性/-主体性]和[+强制性/-强制性]。其次,本文对英汉致使动词的内、外论元的语义特征进行对比分析,发现该类动词的外论元具备语义特征[+人]、[+群体]、[+机构]等语义特征；内论元均具备语义特征：[+主体意愿]和[+主体利益]。最后,本文发现英汉致使动词的内、外论元语义特征在很大程度上受到该类动词自身语义特征的影响。当该类动词与内、外论元语义共现时,句中各个成分的语义特征相似或是具有一定程度的关联性。本文对英汉致使动词的语义特征和致使动词与其内、外论元语义共现关系的研究,将对英汉其他类型致使动词的研究具有一定的指导意义,同时也将有助于教授和学习英汉致使动词。
[Abstract]:Causation is a basic concept in human language, the core of which is causative verb. The meaning of causative verb in English and Chinese is basically the same, that is, the causator exerts some causative force on the victim. Causes a change of action or state of the affected person, the core semantic component of which is. [Based on the theories of contrastive linguistics and semantics, this paper studies four causative verbs in English ("ask"). "order", "command", "persuade") and six Chinese causative verbs ("request", "demand", "command", "command", "persuasion"). The semantic characteristics of "persuasion") and its internal and external arguments are compared and analyzed, and the semantic co-occurrence relations of these causative verbs and their inner and outer arguments are explored. This paper first uses semantic component analysis to extract the core semantic components of causative verbs in English and Chinese. The common semantic components are [Cause], [Events], [Unidirectional], the discriminative semantic component is. [Subjectivity-subjectivity] and. [Second, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the semantic characteristics of the internal and external arguments of causative verbs in English and Chinese, and finds that the external arguments of these verbs have semantic characteristics. [People], [Group], [The internal arguments have semantic characteristics:. [Subject will] and. [Finally, it is found that the semantic features of the internal and external arguments in English and Chinese causative verbs are largely influenced by the semantic characteristics of the verbs themselves. The semantic characteristics of each component in a sentence are similar or have some degree of relevance. The study of the semantic characteristics of causative verbs in English and Chinese and the semantic co-occurrence between causative verbs and their internal and external arguments will be of certain guiding significance to the study of other types of causative verbs in English and Chinese. It will also help to teach and learn English and Chinese causative verbs.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H030

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