《老新闻—民国旧事（1912-1928）》词汇研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 03:15

  本文关键词： 老新闻 构词法 词形变化 词义变化　出处：《河北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《老新闻—民国旧事（1912-1928）》的语言时期归属于“五·四”前后。研究“五·四”前后时期的词汇，对于做好现代汉语的推源工作具有十分重要的作用。本文的主要内容是《老新闻—民国旧事》词汇的构词法特点、词形特点以及词义发展变化的特点。以下简称《老新闻》。本文比较有价值的发现和主要结论是： 1.在构词法方面，词缀化倾向明显，“非”、“反”等有了前缀化倾向，“师”、“家”等有了后缀化倾向；短语的词汇化，主要体现为名词作形附固着在中心词上的、动词作形附固着在中心词上的和形容词附固着在中心词上的三类。词语简缩的格式多样化，主要包括八类，其中前七类为现代汉语中常用的，第八类并列词组的简缩。 2.词形的特点是有大量的异形词、同素逆序词和异素同义词。关于异形词，，我们根据异形成分性质的不同，把异形词分成两类：同素异形词和异素异形词。其中，同素异形词,根据异形成分用字的不同这类词又可分为通假字异形词、异体字异形词两种类型。异素异形词,根据异形成分语义的不同，又可分为近义语素异形词、相关语素异形词、异义语素异形词三种。关于同素逆序词，我们主要是按其词义、词性和结构特点进行分类举例说明，同时考察其在现代汉语普通话里的使用情况。关于异素同义词，我们主要是列举说明。 3.词义变化特点，主要体现在词的一个意义和一个词的意义上。其中一个词的意义的变化情况本文主要分析论述了义项的增多、义项的减少两大类。而词的一个意义的变化情况主要分析论述词义的丰富和深化、词义缩小和词义的转移三类。 本文的创新点主要是：本文是一篇首次对《老新闻》进行断代词汇研究的论文。首先，本文通过对《老新闻》材料的梳理，并对其词汇系统分词分类统计，得到了一份翔实的处于近、现代过渡时期断代的汉语词汇分类表。其次，本文对其词汇系统不仅仅注重共时的静态描写，而且更注重历时的描写，做到把两者有机的结合起来。最后，本文对异形词、同素逆序词以及有词义变化的词进行了大量的举例，以便为整个现代汉语史的研究提供很好的例证。
[Abstract]:The language period belongs to the period around "May 4th". The vocabulary of the period before and after "May 4th" is studied. The main content of this paper is the word-formation characteristics of the words "Old News-the Republic of China". The characteristics of lexical form and the development and change of word meaning. The following is referred to as "Old News". The valuable findings and main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. In the aspect of word-formation, the tendency of affixing is obvious, such as "no" and "anti-" have the tendency of prefix," teacher "and" family "have the tendency of suffix; The lexicalization of phrases is mainly embodied in the three categories of nouns attached to the central words, verbs attached to the central words and adjectives attached to the central words. It mainly includes eight categories, the first seven categories are common in modern Chinese, and the paratactic phrases of 8th classes are abbreviated. 2. The specialties of lexical form are that there are a large number of heteromorphic words, synonyms and converse words. As for heteromorphic words, we differ according to the nature of the heteromorphic elements. There are two kinds of heteromorphous words: the homomorphic words and the heteromorphous words, among which, the metamorphic words can be divided into two types according to the different characters used by the heteromorphic elements. There are two types of heteromorphic words. According to the semantic differences of heteromorphic words, they can be divided into three types: synonymous morphemes, related morphemes, and heteronyms. We mainly classify and illustrate it according to its meaning, part of speech and structure, at the same time, we examine its use in modern Chinese mandarin. As for the synonyms of heteronyms, we mainly enumerate and illustrate them. 3. The change of word meaning is mainly reflected in the meaning of a word and the meaning of a word. The change of meaning of one of the words is mainly analyzed and discussed in this paper. The change of one meaning of a word is mainly about the enrichment and deepening of word meaning, the narrowing of word meaning and the transfer of word meaning. The innovation of this paper is as follows: this paper is the first time to study the old news. Firstly, this paper combs the materials of the old news and classifies the words in the lexical system. Obtained a full and modern transitional period of Chinese vocabulary classification table. Secondly, this paper not only pays attention to the synchronic static description, but also pays more attention to the diachronic description. Finally, this paper gives a large number of examples of the heteromorphic words, the same morpheme reverse order words and the words with word meaning change, in order to provide a good example for the study of the whole history of modern Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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