“一量（的）名”结构研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 04:12

本文关键词： 量词名词的认知主观量　出处：《渤海大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“一+量词+名词”结构（简称“一量名”结构）是一种常见的“数量名”结构，“的”是现代汉语中使用频率最高的词，然而有的“一量名”结构中可以加“的”，有的“一量名”结构中不可以加“的”。通过对《现代汉语词典》（第5版）中有明确标注的464个专用物量词及日常生活中使用频率较高的借用量词的分析研究，发现由这些量词构成的“一量名”结构与“的”的关系可以从如下三个角度进行分析：“一+专用量词+名词”结构与“的”、“一+借用量词+名词”结构与“的”以及“一+量词+名词”结构变式与“的”。研究发现：当“一量名”结构中的量词为专用量词中的个体量词、集合量词、不定量词及动源量词时，，该结构多数情况下不加“的”，但少数情况下为了起强调作用也可以加“的”；当“一量名”结构中的量词为名源量词或结构中量词重叠时，该结构加不加“的”皆可；当“一量名”结构中的量词为度量衡量词时，多数情况下加不加“的”皆可，少数情况下必须加“的”。 “一量名”结构中一般情况下不可以插入“的”，但有些情况下却可以。这种现象除了取决于量词自身的一些语法、语义特征外，还与结构中量词语法化程度的高低有关。量词语法化程度越高，该结构越不易与“的”连用；而量词语法化程度越低，该结构越易与“的”连用。此外，这种现象还与量词在语义上跟数词“一”与名词二者在语义联系上的紧密程度有关。当量词与数词“一”语义上结合紧密，以表示名词的数量时，一般名词之前可以加“的”；当量词和名词结合更为紧密，主要对名词起限定、描绘作用而不是重在计量时，则名词前不能加“的”。研究发现，多数情况下“一量的名”结构具有表达主观大量的作用，但也有一少部分的“一量的名”结构可以表达主观小量，这主要与量词的量级及语境等因素有关。
[Abstract]:The structure of "one quantifier noun" (abbreviated as "one quantity name") is a kind of common "quantity name" structure, and "one measure noun" is the most frequently used word in modern Chinese. However, there are "one quantity name" structure can be added "." Some "can't be added" in the structure of "one quantity name". Through the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (5th edition). The analysis and research of 464 special object classifiers and loan quantifiers which are frequently used in daily life. It is found that the relationship between the structure and the structure of a quantifier can be analyzed from the following three angles: "structure and" of a special classifier noun. A borrowed classifier noun "structure and" and "a quantifier noun" "structural variation and". It is found that when the quantifiers in the "one-measure name" structure are individual quantifiers, aggregate quantifiers, indefinite quantifiers and verb-source quantifiers in the special quantifier, the structure will not be added in most cases. In a few cases, however, "" can be added in order to play an important role "; When the quantifier in the "one quantity name" structure is a nominal-source quantifier or the quantifier in the structure is overlapped, the structure can be added "or not". When the quantifier in the structure of "one quantity name" is a measure and measure word, in most cases "can" is added without "," "must be added" in a few cases. "A quantifier" structure is not normally allowed to insert "", but in some cases it can. This phenomenon depends on the grammatical and semantic features of the quantifier itself. It also has something to do with the grammaticalization of classifiers in the structure. The higher the grammaticalization of classifiers, the more difficult the structure is to be used with "the". The lower the grammaticalization of quantifiers, the easier the structure is to be used with "". This phenomenon is also related to the degree of semantic connection between quantifiers and numerals "one" and nouns. When quantifiers and numerals "one" are closely combined semantically to represent the number of nouns. General nouns can be preceded by ""; " When quantifiers and nouns are more closely combined, mainly limited to nouns, descriptive function rather than emphasis on measurement, then nouns can not be added before "." In most cases, "one quantity of name" structure can express a large number of subjective functions, but there is also a small part of "a quantity of name" structure can express a small amount of subjective, which is mainly related to the quantifier's order of magnitude and context and other factors.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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