《汉语水平汉字等级大纲》中独体形近字的研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 15:16

  本文关键词： 独体形近字 区别性特征 《汉语水平汉字等级大纲》　出处：《中国传媒大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文对当代关于形近字研究的理论和成果进行考察和分析,总结出了形近字的确定标准、特征、分类及辨析形近字的一些方法。同时发现,不论是在一般汉字教学还是对外汉字教学的研究中,对形近字的系统的具体的对比研究还是很少的。本文应用了王宁先生在《汉字构形学讲座》中对汉字构形方面的研究理论,主要研究独体字,并从独体字入手,再扩展到由独体字作为部件构成的合体字。因为,汉字中的独体字相对于合体字来说数量并不多,但是构字能力却非常强,学生如果掌握了独体字的形音义和构字能力,就相当于抓住了理解汉字结构和形音义的一把钥匙,也就能够尽快形成汉字字感。因此,本文致力于系统全面地、定性定量地来考察形近字,从《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲·汉字等级大纲》2905个汉字中提取独体字255个,并根据本文对形近字的判定标准,抓住形近字字组的区别性特征,从笔画、笔形、笔画的组合方式和笔画的位置四个方面归纳出独体形近字字组123组,进而从形、音、造字法、构字能力等方面对每个字进行描写,并对典型字组从字源演变、字音字义、构字能力和构词情况四个角度进行更为具体的分析与对比。由于独体字构字能力较强,所以,记住一组独体形近字,就相当于记住一系列由其加相同部件构成的多组合体形近字,这样区分形近字的效率也就大大提高了。研究结果可以更好地作用于形近字教学及汉字教学(既适用于对外汉字教学,又同样适用于本民族的汉字教学),使学生能够更规范化地使用和书写汉字,把字写得准确(真)、合理(善)而好看(美),克服文字混乱和写错别字的现象。此外,研究结果不但有利于汉字的规范化,而且也适用于计算机对汉字信息的处理与应用。
[Abstract]:This paper makes an investigation and analysis of the theories and achievements of the contemporary research on the near character of form and summarizes the determination standard, characteristics, classification and some methods of differentiating the near character of the shape of the form. At the same time, it finds out. Whether in general Chinese character teaching or foreign Chinese character teaching research. In this paper, the author applies the theory of Chinese character configuration in the lecture of Chinese character configuration, mainly studies the single character, and starts with the single character. Because the number of characters in Chinese characters is relatively small, but the ability of construction is very strong. If the student grasps the form phonetic meaning and the construction ability of the single-type character, it is equivalent to grasp a key to understand the Chinese character structure and the shape phonetic meaning, also can form the Chinese character word feeling as soon as possible. Therefore, this article devotes to the system comprehensively. Qualitative and quantitative investigation of the shape of the near character, from the "Chinese level vocabulary and Chinese character grade outline 路Chinese character grade outline" 2905 characters extracted from the single character 255, and according to the text of the shape of the near character judgment criteria. By grasping the distinguishing characteristics of the form and character group, we conclude 123 groups of the single body form near the character group from the four aspects of stroke, stroke shape, stroke combination mode and stroke position, and then form, sound and character making method. It describes each word in terms of its ability to construct characters, and evolves the typical character groups from the source of the word and the meaning of the phonetic character. The ability of construction and word-formation are analyzed and compared more concretely. Because of the strong ability of single-type characters, we should remember a group of monomorphic characters. It is the same as memorizing a series of composite body shapes composed of the same parts. In this way, the efficiency of differentiating near and near characters can be greatly improved. The results of the research can be better used in the teaching of Chinese characters in the form and in the teaching of Chinese characters (both in the teaching of foreign Chinese characters and in the teaching of Chinese characters of their own nationalities). To enable students to use and write Chinese characters more standardized, to write accurately (true, reasonable (good) and good-looking) (beautiful, to overcome the confusion of writing and writing wrong characters). The results are not only beneficial to the standardization of Chinese characters, but also applicable to the processing and application of Chinese character information by computer.
【学位授予单位】：中国传媒大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H12

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本文编号：1482169