汉语中趋向词的时体意义

发布时间：2018-02-03 22:51

本文关键词： 趋向词时体意义情状体视点体语用因素H030　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语中趋向词除有方向意义以外,还有时体意义。趋向词“来着”“下去”已经语法化为汉语的体标记,然而,大部分趋向词仍是半虚化状态。本篇论文主要分析汉语中趋向词“来”“去”“上”“下”“上来”“上去”“下来”“下去”的时体意义及其内在理据。论文借用Smith的双部理论对趋向词的时体意义进行分析,Smith将体貌分为由词汇手段表现出来的情状体和由语法手段标记出来的视点体,基本的情状体分为状态、活动、结束、达成、一次性情状,视点体分为完整体、未完整体、中性体。根据汉语的体貌类型,本文将完整体细分为短时体、继续完成体、近过去体、完成体,将非完整体细分为起始体、继续体、未来体。除“下去”词义比较明确,其它趋向词都有多种时体意义,本文对趋向词的每种时体意义都做出一定的分析,找出其演变的内在原因。本文的语料主要来源于北大中文语料库、《现代汉语词典》、《趋向补语通释》,以及收集的口语语料。通过语料的整理分析,趋向词的时体意义产生主要原因是结果意义、空间时间关系转换、语用因素以及词汇化。趋向词作为结果补语,对句子的情状体有一定影响；趋向词的方向意义向时间意义的转变与人们认知过程中时间与空间的联系相关；在特定的语境中,趋向词可以表示开始和将来的意义；还有的趋向词与特定动词结合时具有时体意义。本文从共时的角度对现代汉语中趋向词的时体意义做出归纳分析,由于大部分趋向词的时体意义比较复杂,时体信息分布比较零散,我们对其进行了比较细致详细的分类。语言是文化的载体,一直在发展演变,趋向词的时体意义会越来越显著,还是会逐渐消失,都有待时间的检验。现阶段趋向词的时体意义较为明显,本文的研究对汉语的体系统研究有一定的补充。
[Abstract]:In Chinese, besides directional meaning, there are also some aspect meanings. The directional word "re" and "go down" have been grammatically transformed into the aspect marks of Chinese, however. Most of the trend words are still semi-empty. This paper mainly analyzes the Chinese trend words "come", "go", "up", "up", "up", "down" "down". This paper uses Smith's bipartite theory to analyze the tense and aspect meaning of the trend word. Smith classifies body appearance into two aspects: the situation represented by lexical means and the viewpoint marked by grammatical means. The basic situation is divided into state, activity, conclusion, achievement and one-off situation. The viewpoint body is divided into complete whole, incomplete whole and neutral body. According to the type of Chinese body appearance, the complete whole is subdivided into short term aspect, continuous complete aspect, near past aspect, perfect aspect, and non-complete whole subdivided into starting body. In addition to the meaning of "go down" is relatively clear, other orientations have a variety of tense meaning, this paper makes a certain analysis of each kind of tense meaning of the trend word. Find out the internal reason of its evolution. The corpus of this paper mainly comes from the Chinese corpus of Peking University, the Modern Chinese Dictionary, the general interpretation of directional complement, and the collected spoken language data through the collation and analysis of the corpus. The main causes of temporal and aspect meaning of directional words are resultant meaning, spatial and temporal relationship conversion, pragmatic factors and lexicalization. As resultant complements, directional words have a certain influence on the situation of sentences. The change from directional meaning to temporal meaning is related to the relationship between time and space in the process of cognition. In a specific context, the orientation word can indicate the meaning of the beginning and the future; From the perspective of synchronic, this paper summarizes and analyzes the tense and aspect meaning of trend words in modern Chinese, because most of them are more complicated. The distribution of temporal and aspect information is scattered, and we have classified it in detail. Language is the carrier of culture, and it has been developing and evolving, the meaning of tense and aspect of directional words will become more and more obvious, or will it disappear gradually. At the present stage, the meaning of tense and aspect of directional words is obvious, and the research in this paper is complementary to the study of Chinese aspect system.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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