新HSK（六级）中成语的分析研究

发布时间：2018-02-06 06:23

本文关键词： 成语成语教学 HSK 成语偏误　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随着中国日益增长的政治地位和经济实力，汉语作为一种重要的交流手段，受到了国内外的广泛关注。成语，是汉语表达形式的闪光点之一，其言简意赅，体现了中华民族智慧的一面，大量的汉语学习者对成语产生了浓厚的兴趣，然而对于学习汉语的外国人来说，成语却难以掌握。近年来，有关对外汉语成语教学的研究大多集中在汉外文化对比上，这样的研究成果缺乏对实际教学的指导意义。通过调查研究发现，汉语学习者使用成语或者说接触到成语的阶段一般是高级阶段，其中以参加HSK六级的考生对成语的学习欲望最强烈。在新HSK六级考试当中，出现了越来越多的成语。本文通过对2011年五个月份的考试真题进行统计分析，总结出成语在新HSK六级考试中的地位、出题点、并结合成语的偏误分析给出成语教学的对策。希望能够给参加HSK六级考试的学生一个实际的帮助。因此，研究新HSK（六级）考试中的成语教学是有实践意义的。本文共分为六章。第一章是引言。这一章主要介绍了本文的选题背景、选题目的和选题意义，并阐述了研究的理论基础，最后介绍了本文的研究方法以及写作思路与本文基本框架。第二章是文献综述。本文从本体和对外汉语两个研究方向梳理并总结了前人关于成语研究的相关成果。本体方向上主要介绍了成语的本体研究成果，包括成语的来源与性质特点。对外汉语中的成语研究主要介绍了《汉语水平词汇和汉字等级大纲》中的成语考察，以及对外汉语教学中的成语偏误研究与教学方法的研究。第三章是新HSK六级中的成语考察。本章包括两个统计调查。一个是新HSK六级中的成语统计调查，我们将《新汉语水平考试大纲HSK六级》中的成语做了统计分析，将其中的成语制成图表，便于研究。二是新HSK六级真题试卷分析。这一节我们对H61113-H61117五套六级真题试卷进行统计分析。本文将五套真题中出现的所有成语以及相关试题抽取出来，并对出现的成语以及试题做了相关的统计分析。得出在新HSK试卷中，成语有关的试题主要出现在阅读中。阅读一中的成语基本上都是超纲成语。阅读二中出现的成语大都是新六级大纲词汇中的成语，，阅读三种出现的成语大纲中的成语与超纲成语比例差不多。在新HSK六级的试题中出现的成语，不同题型正误率不同。第四章是新HSK六级中成语的偏误统计分析。这一章包括《新汉语水平考试大纲HSK六级》词汇表范围内成语的偏误统计和分析。在这一章中我们从我们制得的《新HSK六级成语词汇表》中抽取成语进行偏误分析。我们成语将出现的偏误分为三大种，即语义、语法、语用三类，并将这三类化为小类，逐一进行偏误分析。根据成语使用的偏误，我们总结出成语偏误产生的原因。第五章是对外汉语中成语的教学策略。在这里提出三个教学策略：一为抓住成语特点，分门别类教授；二为清除理解障碍，重视成语意义；三为提高运用能力，加强成语句法及语用功能教学。本章节着重介绍了关于成语教学中的句法及语用功能的教学策略。以期能够给成语教学提供有效的教学方法。第六章是结语。在结语部分我们重新概括了一下本文的研究结果，并对本文的创新之处作以介绍，同时也指出本文的不足之处。
[Abstract]:Along with the political status and economic strength Chinese growing, Chinese as an important means of communication, has attracted wide attention both at home and abroad. Idioms is one form of the flash point of Chinese expression, its concise and comprehensive, embodies the wisdom of the Chinese side, a large number of Chinese learners interested in idioms, however for foreign learners of Chinese idioms, but difficult to master. In recent years, the research on the teaching of Chinese idioms are mostly concentrated in the Chinese and foreign cultural contrast, this research is lack of practical teaching significance. Through the investigation found that the Chinese learners use idioms or come into contact with the stage of general idioms is the advanced stage, which in HSK level six candidates on the idiom learning desire most strongly. In the new HSK six grade exams, there are more and more in this paper through the 20 idioms. 11 years five month exam for statistical analysis, summed up the status of idioms in the new HSK six exam questions, and combining the idiom error analysis and puts forward countermeasures for the teaching of idioms. We hope to be able to participate in the HSK test six students a practical help. Therefore, the study of new HSK (six) in the examination of idiom teaching is a practical significance.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. This chapter mainly introduces the background of the topic selection, the purpose and significance of the topic selection, and expounds the theoretical basis of the research. Finally, it introduces the research methods, the writing ideas and the basic framework of this article.
The second chapter is literature review. This paper from the ontology and foreign language study two combs and summarizes the related research achievements about idioms predecessors. Ontology direction mainly introduces the ontology research of idioms, including the origin and characteristics of idioms in foreign Chinese idioms. The research mainly introduces the study of Chinese vocabulary and < Chinese characters > in the syllabus of idioms, and foreign language teaching in Chinese idiomserrors research and teaching methods.
The third chapter is the new HSK in the six level of idiom study. This chapter includes two survey. A survey of the new HSK is an idiom in the six level, we will: new HSK syllabus > HSK six idioms in the statistical analysis, the idiom chart, easy to study. Two is the analysis of the new HSK six level. In this section we Zhenti papers on H61113-H61117 five set of six Zhenti papers were analyzed. All the idioms will appear five sets of questions and the related questions extracted, and the idioms and questions to do statistical analysis. The new HSK exam questions, idioms the mainly in reading. Reading idioms are basically Chaogang idioms. Idioms are the second reading level six vocabulary outline in reading idioms, three idioms appear in the outline of the idioms and idioms Chaogang ratio difference Not much. In the new HSK six questions in idioms, different types from different rates.
The fourth chapter is the new HSK level six idioms error statistical analysis. This chapter includes the < New HSK syllabus > six HSK vocabulary range idiom error statistics and analysis. In this chapter we prepared from our "new HSK level six idioms vocabulary idioms > extraction error analysis. We will idiom errors are divided into three kinds, namely semantic, grammatical, pragmatic class three, and the three kinds of types, one by one. According to the error analysis error of the idioms, we summed up the reasons of idiom errors.
The fifth chapter is the idioms in foreign Chinese teaching strategies. Put forward three teaching strategies here: one is to seize the characteristics of idioms, the clear be arranged Professor; the importance of idioms comprehension, meaning; three in order to improve the application ability, strengthen the syntactic and pragmatic functions of idioms teaching. This chapter focuses on the syntactic and pragmatic functions of idiom teaching in the teaching strategy. In order to provide the effective teaching method to the teaching of idioms.
The sixth chapter is the conclusion. In the conclusion part, we re summarize the research results in this paper, introduce the innovation of this paper, and point out the shortcomings of this paper.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】