东南亚留学生汉语语用失误现象探析

发布时间：2018-02-15 03:08

本文关键词： 对外汉语教学东南亚留学生语用失误　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：根据国内外语用失误现象的研究成果,我们一般认为语用失误现象指的是：说话人在言语交流时使用了表面看似正确的句子,但说话的方式不妥,说话的内容不合时宜,或是表达不符合语言的习惯等现象,这样会使双方的语言交流遇到障碍,从而不能达到预想的交际效果,这种性质的语言运用被称作语用失误。日常生活中,我们经常可以发现不同文化背景的人们在交流的时候容易出现某些言语上的曲解、误解甚至冲突,也就是造成了语言运用失误现象。而对于将汉语作为第二语言来学习的人们,尤其是来自其他国家的友人们,在汉语使用过程当中出现语用失误的现象更是不足为奇。语用失误现象研究对对外汉语教学特别是汉语口语教学有着极其重要的实际作用。笔者在湖南师范大学国际交流合作处进行对外汉语教学实习时,带了一个来自东南亚国家的短期学习班,留学生当中有印尼籍的、越南籍的、泰国籍的、菲律宾籍的、马来西亚籍的和新加坡籍的。笔者在教学实践过程中发现了这些留学生在习得汉语时出现的一些语用问题,于是从宏观角度,笔者探析了东南亚留学生在语言方面和文化方面的语用失误现象；从微观角度,笔者分别探讨了在打招呼、称呼、赞美、请求和受邀请时东南亚留学生所表现出来的语用失误问题。其实,主要是由于语用意识不强,才使得东南亚留学生使用汉语时出现失误。对外汉语教师要有针对性地进行语用方面的教学,培养留学生在汉语学习方面的文化意识和语用意识,指导留学生有效避免语用失误。教师要提高留学生在课堂上习得汉语语用知识的效率,同时兼顾留学生课外语用能力的训练和培养。
[Abstract]:According to the research results of pragmatic failure phenomenon at home and abroad, we generally think that pragmatic failure phenomenon refers to: the speaker uses seemingly correct sentences in verbal communication, but the manner of speaking is inappropriate and the content of speech is inappropriate. Or the phenomenon that the expression does not accord with the language habit will make the language communication between the two sides meet the obstacle thus unable to achieve the desired communication effect. The use of this nature of language is called pragmatic failure. In our daily life, we can often find that people from different cultural backgrounds are prone to misinterpretation, misunderstanding and even conflict when they communicate with each other. For people who learn Chinese as a second language, especially friends from other countries, It is not surprising that pragmatic failure occurs in the process of Chinese use. The study of pragmatic failure plays an extremely important role in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, especially in oral Chinese teaching. The author took a short course in teaching Chinese as a foreign language at the International Exchange and Cooperation Office of Hunan normal University. Among the overseas students were Indonesian, Vietnamese, Thai, Filipino. In the course of teaching practice, the author has found some pragmatic problems in the acquisition of Chinese by these foreign students, so from a macro perspective, The author probes into the phenomenon of pragmatic failure of Southeast Asian students in terms of language and culture, and from the micro point of view, the author probes into the phenomena of greeting, addressing, praising, etc. The pragmatic failure of Southeast Asian students at the time of request and invitation. In fact, it is mainly due to the lack of pragmatic awareness that students in Southeast Asia make mistakes in using Chinese. Teachers of Chinese as a foreign language should teach pragmatics in a targeted way. In order to guide foreign students to avoid pragmatic failure effectively, teachers should improve the efficiency of foreign students' acquisition of Chinese pragmatic knowledge in class. At the same time, the training and cultivation of foreign students'extracurricular pragmatic competence.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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