委婉语的认知机制：基于外延内涵传承说和意向性理论的研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 21:38

本文关键词： 委婉语外延内涵传承说意向性理论解读　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：委婉语是人类社会普遍存在的一种语言现象。在人们的语言中，委婉语的使用到处可见。它不仅是一种修辞现象，还是一种文化现象。作为一种文化现象，委婉语渗透到人们日常生活的方方面面。正如美国学者Hugh Rawson(1981)所说，委婉语如此深深地嵌入我们的语言中，因此我们中间没有谁——即使那些自诩为直截了当的人——能够在不使用委婉语的情况下过上一天。正因为委婉语如此普遍、重要，学者们纷纷从不同的角度进行研究。纵观国内外已有的委婉语研究，不难看出现有研究多集中在委婉语的类型、使用动机、特点、构成手段和语用效果等方面，主要是从修辞、文化和社会心理、语用等角度进行研究。直到最近，一些研究学家开始从认知角度对委婉语进行研究，指出委婉语本质上是一种替代，其构成是一种转喻。但是这种替代发生的原因及其具体产生过程是怎样发生的，学者们并没有解释。本论文针对这些问题，尝试着用外延内涵传承说理论与意向性理论从更深的角度阐释委婉语的内部生成机制以及说话者和听话者之间委婉语的整个传承过程。外延内涵传承说理论是从认知和意象活动角度建构的，把语言看成一种意象活动，而不是一种哲学范畴。此理论某种程度上解释了一些语言现象的内部生成。语言中的隐喻和转喻现象都得到了一定程度的阐释。委婉语是一种特殊的语言现象，其构成本质上是转喻的，，因此可用此理论部分解释委婉语的生成。意向性理论是意象哲学上的一种概念理论，认为意向存在于所有的人类交际中，如果没有意向，交际就会毫无意义。委婉语也不例外。我们把这两种理论结合起来，去探讨如何保证说话者和听话者之间委婉语的顺利生成和传承。本文共分六章。第一章是总体介绍，勾勒了本文所要研究的内容，指出本研究的意义，并给出了文章的整体布局。第二章为文献综述，回顾了以往对委婉语的研究视角，包括修辞视角、文化和社会心理视角、语用视角、隐喻和转喻视角以及外延内涵传承说理论视角。第三章、第四章和第五章是本文的重点所在。第三章阐述了外延内涵传承说理论和意向性理论，为委婉语的进一步研究奠定了理论基础。第四章选取不同种类的委婉语，结合外延内涵传承说理论对其进行分析，得出委婉语替代的产生及其积极效果都可以用外延内涵传承说理论进行部分阐释。第五章结合意向性理论对一些委婉语进行分析，得出在整个委婉语成功进行传承的过程中，意向性是前提，说话者需确保其所表达的委婉语的意向内容也存在于听话者的“类层级结构”中。只有这样，委婉语才可根据其外延和内涵进行传承，经过传承，听话者明白说话者表达的委婉语，委婉语成功地进行了传承。语境在此过程中起着无形的作用。本章最后，列出了委婉语成功传承所涉及的三个步骤，更好地展现其传承过程。最后一章总结了全文所得出的结论，论述了本研究的意义，指出研究的局限性并就以后的研究方向给出自己的建议。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is a linguistic phenomenon in human society. In people's language, euphemism is used everywhere. It is not only a kind of rhetoric, but also a cultural phenomenon. As a kind of cultural phenomenon, euphemism penetrates into every aspect of people's daily life. Just as the American scholar Hugh Rawson (1981) said, euphemism is so deeply embedded in our language, so no one among us - even those self proclaimed straight people - can not use euphemisms the case had a day.
Because euphemism is so common, important, scholars have studied from different angles. Throughout the domestic existing research on euphemism, can see that type of research focusing on the use of euphemisms motivation, characteristics, formation and pragmatic effects, mainly from rhetoric, culture and social psychology. Pragmatic perspective. Until recently, some researchers began to study euphemism from the perspective of cognition, it is pointed out that euphemism is essentially a substitute, which is a kind of metonymy. But this alternative causes and the specific process is going to happen, the scholars did not explain in this paper. These problems, try to use the denotation and connotation theory and the theory of intentionality explain the internal mechanism from a deeper perspective of euphemism and the speaker and hearer of euphemism have the inheritance Cheng.
The denotation and connotation theory is constructed from the perspective of cognitive and mental activities, the language as a kind of image, rather than a philosophical category. This theory to some extent explain the internal generation of some language phenomena. The phenomenon of metaphor and metonymy have a certain degree of euphemism is a kind of interpretation. The special language phenomenon whoseformation is metonymic in nature, so we can use this theory to explain the formation of euphemism. The theory of intentionality is a concept of image theory in philosophy, believes that the intention exists in all human communication, without intention, communication will be meaningless. Euphemism is no exception. We have these two theories together to discuss how to ensure the smooth production and inheritance between the speaker and hearer of euphemism.
This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is a general introduction, outlines the content of this paper, points out the significance of this research, and gives the overall layout of the article. The second chapter is the literature review, reviews the previous studies on euphemism research perspective, including rhetorical perspective, culture and social psychology perspective, pragmatic perspective. From the perspective of metaphor and metonymy and the denotation and connotation theory perspective. In the third chapter, the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter is the focus of this article. The third chapter expounds the denotation and connotation theory and the theory of intentionality, which laid a theoretical foundation for the further study of euphemism. The fourth chapter selects different types of euphemism, combining the denotation and connotation the theory on the analysis, draws the conclusion that euphemism substitution and positive results can be used for part of inheritance of denotation connotation interpretation theory. The fifth chapter discusses the theory of intentionality of Euphemism In the analysis, the success of euphemism in the process of inheritance, intentionality is the premise, the speaker must ensure that their expression of the euphemism of intentional content also exists in the hearer "type hierarchystructure". Only in this way can euphemism according to its connotation and extension of inheritance, after the inheritance, obedient understand the speaker expression of euphemism, euphemism has been successfully passed. Plays an invisible role of context in the process. At the end of this chapter, a list of three successful inheritance of the steps involved in euphemism, to better show the inheriting process. The last chapter summarizes the main conclusions of this paper discusses the the significance of the research, points out the limitations of the study and further research suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

【参考文献】