汉韩存现句比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 08:22

本文关键词： 存现句对比分析句法语义语用　出处：《扬州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：存在、出现和消失是事物呈现的三种方式,但不同的语言中表达这些方式的手段不完全相同。作为一种句式,存现句的界定要结合形式和意义两个方面来判定,存现句的形式特征是“时间、处所词语(A段)+表存现意义动词性词语(B段)+表存现主体的名词性词语(C段)”,该格式所表达的意义是某个时间或处所存在、出现、消失了某人或某事物。根据意义,存现句可以分为存在句和隐现句两大类；根据结构形式,存现句可以分为具有完整的A段、B段和C段的常式存现句和三个构成部分不完整的变式存现句,每类存现句还可以进一步划分为若干小类。汉语和韩语两种语言中,虽然表事物存在、出现或消失的结构形式不完全相同,但往往都涉及A、B、C三个构成部分。其中A段主要表时间或处所,可以由表时间或处所的名词性词语、代词甚至介词短语来充当；B段是表存现意义的动词性词语,可以是动词后附“了、着、过”等动态助词,也可以是某些光杆动词或“动词+满”；C段是表示存现主体的名词性词语,通常是不定指的,当然不完全排除定性词语。从语义上看,A段的名词性词语要求具有广义的[+空间]或[+时间]的语义特征；存在句B段通常具有[+存在]或[+附着]或[使附着]的语义特征,隐现句B段要求具有[+位移]的语义特征；C段名词性词语的范围较广,有的是[+有生]名词,有的是[-有生]名词,有的是[+具体]名词,有的是[-具体]名词。从语用方面看,汉语存现句中句首表时间的名词性词语既可以充当主语,也可以充当话题,表时间或处所的介词短语只能充当话题不能充当主语。韩语中句首的时间或处所词语只能充当话题,不能充当主语。根据说话人表意的需要,存现句中的A段、C段等都可以可能成为焦点。在一定的条件下,存现句的构成部分可以从缺,包括省略和隐含两种现象；出于表达的需要,存现句内部的构成成分有时也可以移位,构成各种变式存现句。存现句是语言中的一种使用频率较高的句式,通过对汉语和韩语两种语言中存现意义表达方法的全面比较,可以更为清楚地揭示两种语言中存现意义表达的其特点,从而为对韩汉语的教学提供参考。
[Abstract]:Existence, appearance and disappearance are three ways of presenting things, but the means of expressing them in different languages are not the same. As a kind of sentence, the definition of existential sentences should be judged in terms of form and meaning. The formal characteristic of the existential sentence is "time, locative word" ("time, locative word") "(" time, locative word ")" "(" time, locative word "(" A ")," the nominal word "(" C "), which expresses the meaning of the existence and appearance of a certain time or place, To disappear someone or something. According to the meaning, existential sentences can be divided into existential sentences and hidden sentences; according to the form of structure, The existential sentence can be divided into two parts: the common existential sentence with complete A paragraph / B paragraph and the C paragraph and the variant existential sentence with three incomplete components, and each kind of existential sentence can be further divided into several subclasses. In both Chinese and Korean, although things exist, the structures that appear or disappear are not exactly the same, but they often involve the three components of Agna Bang C. paragraph A mainly lists the time or place, The noun words, pronouns and even prepositional phrases can be used as the verb words with the present meaning, which can be attached to the verb, such as "have, go, pass" and so on. It can also be some bare verb or "verb full" paragraph C is a nominal word indicating the subject of existence and is usually indefinite. Of course, qualitative words are not completely excluded. From a semantic point of view, nominal words in paragraph A require semantic characteristics of generalized [space] or [time]; paragraph B of existential sentences usually has semantic characteristics of [existence] or [attachment] or [attachment]. There is a wide range of noun words in C paragraph with the semantic characteristics of "displacement" in the implicit sentence B, some are [- living] nouns, some are [concrete] nouns, and some are [- concrete] nouns. From the pragmatic point of view, the noun words of the beginning of the sentence in the Chinese existential sentence can be used either as the subject or as the topic. The prepositional phrase of time or place can only act as the topic and not as the subject. The time or place words at the beginning of the sentence in Korean can only serve as the topic, not as the subject. Under certain conditions, the components of the existential sentence can be divided into two kinds: ellipsis and implicature; for the need of expression, Sometimes the components of existential sentences can also be shifted to form various variants of existential sentences. Existential sentence is one of the most frequently used sentence patterns in language. By comparing the expression methods of existential meaning between Chinese and Korean, we can more clearly reveal the characteristics of existential meaning expression in the two languages. So as to provide a reference for Korean Chinese teaching.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3;H55

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