从对比语言学的角度研究英汉语序的对比

发布时间：2018-02-26 11:37

本文关键词： 对比语言学语序英语汉语　出处：《成都理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对比语言学是现代语言学的一个分支。它通过语法、语音、语义、语用层面来进行语言方面的比较。比较语言学是对不同语言的对比描述，主要采用的是共时研究方式。中英文之间有许多不同之处。英语属于印欧语系，其特点之一就是有形态上的变化以及用其作为表达语法的主要手段之一；汉语属于汉藏语系，该语序中的语言没有太过严格的形态变化，词序是表达语法的重要手段。所以，对英汉词序的研究有着重要的意义。英汉两种语言有着显著的区别。这些区别主要体现在发音规则，拼写规则，语法规则以及文化母体各个方面。语序作为语法规则，也是英汉两种语言的重要组成部分。从宏观角度分析，英语在语言合成和假设方面有更多特点，而英语中的“树形结构”和汉语中的“竹状结构”是其典型反映；同时，从微观角度讲，英语句主语鲜明，汉语句主题鲜明；英语句式方向从左往右，汉语从右往左；倒转句在英文中分为几种形式，而在汉语中则主要是起强调的作用；在不同的语境下，英语和汉语的严格性和变通性都有所不同。本文还从无主句，倒装句和分裂句的角度分别加以阐述，为全文提供更有力的论证。因此在翻译中，，翻译者应根据我们前面所提到的两种语言的不同和共同点采用更加灵活的方式来节约时间和使文章内容更加流畅。通过对比研究中英文的语序，本文作者希望能为读者描绘出一副详细的关于中英文语序比较的图画和生动明晰的线索，为了帮助读者在使用这两种语言时更好的理解他们之间的异同点。
[Abstract]:Contrastive linguistics is a branch of modern linguistics, which compares linguistic aspects through grammar, phonetics, semantics and pragmatics. Comparative linguistics is a contrastive description of different languages, which mainly adopts a synchronic approach. There are many differences between English and Chinese. English belongs to the Indo-European family. One of its characteristics is morphological change and its use as one of the main means of expressing grammar; Chinese belongs to the Chinese-Tibetan language family. The language in this word order is not too strict morphological change, word order is an important means of expressing grammar, therefore, the study of English and Chinese word order is of great significance. There are significant differences between English and Chinese. These differences are mainly embodied in pronunciation rules, spelling rules, grammatical rules and cultural parent. Word order is the grammatical rule. It is also an important part of both English and Chinese. From a macro point of view, English has more features in language synthesis and hypotheses, and the "tree structure" in English and the "bamboo structure" in Chinese are typical reflections. From the microscopic point of view, the subject of English sentence is bright, the subject of Chinese sentence is clear, the direction of English sentence is from left to right, and the direction of Chinese is from right to left, the reverse sentence is divided into several forms in English, but it plays an important role in Chinese. In different contexts, the strictness and flexibility of English and Chinese are different. This paper also expounds them from the angle of no subject sentence, inverted sentence and split sentence, which provides a more powerful argument for the whole text. Translators should adopt a more flexible approach to save time and make the text more fluent according to the differences and similarities between the two languages mentioned above. By contrasting the word order between Chinese and English, the author hopes to draw a detailed picture of the word order comparison between Chinese and English and a vivid and clear clue for the reader. To help readers better understand the similarities and differences between the two languages.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146;H314

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