汉语人体成语的认知机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 20:17

本文关键词： 人体成语认知机制隐喻转喻互动　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语是世界上最古老而又发达的语言之一，有着丰富的词汇和各种形式的固定词组，其中表现最生动形象的就是成语。人类的范畴、概念、推理和心智是基于身体经验形成的,其最基本的形式主要依赖于对身体部位、空间关系、力量运动等的感知而逐步形成。人体成语作为一个特殊家族，在形式上立足于人本身，由此汉语在发展演变过程中也透视出以人为本的中国独特的文化底蕴。而且，人体成语在言语交际中常常超出其构成要素所表达的意义，而带有某些特定的色彩意义。随着语言学各分支学科的成熟与发展，语言学科呈现出跨学科、多层次、多角度、多元化的特点和趋势。其中，认知语言学等新兴分支学科的出现，为词汇、话语、语篇分析以及文学研究等提供了新的研究视角。从认知语言学的角度看，隐喻和转喻在成语的构成与解读中发挥着不可低估的作用。本文主要研究汉语人体成语，即包含“目、心、手、头、口、足、耳”等身体器官构成的四字成语。此类人体器官作为人体的重要部位，经常出现在成语中。本文基于认知语言学的两大认知机制，即隐喻和转喻，采用定性研究的方法，试图对汉语人体成语进行分析，检验隐喻和转喻作为普遍的认知机制如何在人体成语中运作，并探究隐喻和转喻机制作用下的人体成语的特点，从而获得对汉语人体成语的新理解。本文包括五个部分。第一部分对研究课题、研究目的、研究方法及语料的收集作出简单介绍。第二部分回顾学者们在汉语成语研究方面取得的成果。第三部分是本研究的理论框架，主要介绍与认知隐喻和转喻相关的理论。第四部分是本研究的主体，主要通过实例分析汉语人体成语的认知机制。最后一部分总结本研究的结果,指出研究的局限性，并提出对未来研究的建议。本研究得出了如下的结论：（一）隐喻和转喻在汉语人体成语的诠释中是不可缺少的；（二）在汉语人体成语中，转喻现象比隐喻更普遍，并且具有不可拆分性，是非任意的，这与人体部位本身的特征有关；（三）人体成语通过对特定身体器官的特点和功能的凸显，表达人类的各种情感意义。本研究进一步说明，隐喻和转喻是成语解读过程中有效的、不可缺少的认知工具，从而为成语词汇的习得提供了依据。本文对人体成语研究作了系统、全面的梳理，其研究结果对词汇习得与教学以及成语的翻译具有重要的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Chinese is one of the oldest and most developed languages in the world, with rich vocabulary and various forms of fixed phrases, among which idioms are the most vivid ones. Human categories, concepts, reasoning and mind are based on physical experience. Its most basic form mainly depends on the perception of body parts, spatial relations, power movements, etc. As a special family, human idioms are based on the human body itself in form. Therefore, in the process of development and evolution of Chinese language, the unique cultural background of people-oriented Chinese is also reflected. Moreover, human idioms often exceed the meaning expressed by their constituent elements in verbal communication. With the maturation and development of the various branches of linguistics, the language discipline presents the characteristics and trends of interdisciplinary, multi-level, multi-angle, pluralistic. The emergence of new branches of cognitive linguistics provides a new perspective for the study of vocabulary, discourse, discourse analysis and literary studies. Metaphor and metonymy play an important role in the formation and interpretation of idioms. This paper mainly studies the Chinese human body idioms, that is, four-character idioms consisting of "eye, heart, hand, head, mouth, foot, ear" and so on. This kind of body organ is an important part of the human body. Based on the two cognitive mechanisms of cognitive linguistics, metaphor and metonymy, this paper attempts to analyze Chinese human idioms by qualitative research. This paper examines how metaphor and metonymy function in human body idioms as a universal cognitive mechanism and explores the characteristics of human idioms under the influence of metaphor and metonymy so as to gain a new understanding of Chinese body idioms. This paper includes five parts. The first part is about the research topic, the purpose of the research, The second part reviews the achievements made by scholars in the study of Chinese idioms. The third part is the theoretical framework of this study. This paper mainly introduces the theories related to cognitive metaphor and metonymy. Part 4th is the main part of this study, which mainly analyzes the cognitive mechanism of Chinese human idioms through examples. The last part summarizes the results of this study and points out the limitations of the study. Suggestions for future research are put forward. This study draws the following conclusions: (1) metaphor and metonymy are indispensable in the interpretation of Chinese human idioms. (2) metonymy is more common than metaphor in Chinese human idioms, and it is inseparably non-arbitrary. This is related to the characteristics of human body parts. (3) Human idioms express human affective meanings by highlighting the characteristics and functions of specific body organs. This study further demonstrates that metaphor and metonymy are effective in the process of interpreting idioms. This paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study of human idioms, the results of which are of great significance for vocabulary acquisition and teaching as well as the translation of idioms.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136.3

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