商务汉语词汇研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 21:44

本文关键词： 商务汉语词汇构词法词法模式框架语义系统商务汉语教材　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着专业领域语言研究的发展,从本体研究角度揭示各专业领域语言词汇系统性特征,从语言应用研究角度探寻二语词汇教学在专业领域语言中的教学规律,都具有研究需求和价值,作者尝试以商务汉语词汇研究为例,基于专业二语词汇学习难度主要是词形、构成方式、以及词义等方面,而非专业背景知识的陌生化的原则,主要对商务汉语词汇的本体和应用教学进行研究,采用定量和定性的研究方法,将词汇形式和意义相结合,分析归纳商务汉语词汇构成方式及能产性词法模式,并从应用研究角度,构建商务汉语词汇框架语义层级系统,在以上研究的基础上,探寻商务汉语词汇在教材中的编订及其教学规律,以期为专门用途汉语研究提供一定的参考。本论文共六章,第一章主要分析了商务汉语产生的背景、研究现状及价值,首先对商务汉语进行了界定,“商务汉语”是针对在商务领域中汉语为非母语的交际人群,主要将汉语作为工具,以达到商务专业的学习目的的专门用途的汉语。在此基础上对本篇论文的研究对象商务汉语词汇的数量、范围进行了界定,以《商务汉语考试大纲》中的词表为主,建立“商务汉语词汇数据库”对词汇进行定量性统计研究。第二章对商务汉语词汇的典型特征进行了分析,商务汉语词汇与普通汉语词汇对比有所区别但也有交叉,本章中主要分析了商务汉语词汇具备的专门用途汉语特点,总结了7个方面的突出特点。第三章主要对商务汉语词汇的构成方式和类别倾向性进行构词特征分析研究。在类别倾向性上,偏正式、动宾式、联合式是商务汉语词汇构词的主要类别,存在少量使用特殊结构类型。在构成方式上商务汉语词汇中的复合词占了较大比例；类词缀增强了商务汉语词汇的构词能力；双音节缩成单音节增强了术语的书面性；商务汉语中存在大量缩略词,词汇化现象较为明显；商务汉语中的外来词主要来源于日语。第四章对商务汉语词汇的词法模式进行了分析,从词汇的形式与意义相结合的角度,对词汇的组合规律进行研究。偏正式和动宾式的复合词较易形成词法模式。在商务汉语词汇中名词性的语素具有较强的词法性,能够构成较多的能产性词法模式,尤其是三字词的词法模式。第五章运用框架语义学的理论构建了商务域的语义框架层级系统,系统主要包括：2个分域、5个框架类、12个框架式、16个框架分式,框架式及框架分式中共有词元近230个,是最能激活场景认知的词汇。从语义框架方面形成的词汇的聚合关系比使用词性词类形成的聚合关系更有体系性,对于领域语言,词汇呈现出一个较为完整的体系性,且在词义上存在联系性,相互之间存在意义上的提示。第六章将前文中对词汇构成、词法模式和语义框架系统研究结论运用到商务汉语教材的词汇编订中,尤其是对商务汉语教材中词汇的选定、编排及教学方法的运用上。教材中的词汇编排的顺序上遵循词法模式类推规律,词汇的选择上结合商务活动场景所涉及到的词元和框架元素,形成了语义上的聚合。教学方法主要可以采用翻译法、语素教学法、框架归类法、任务教学法。本篇论文旨在从理论上强调将对外汉语词汇研究进行领域性划分,促进应用语言学科对领域语言词汇研究的重视,从实践应用角度为商务汉语词汇教学提供一定的教学依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of linguistic research field, reveal the characteristics of vocabulary system in various fields from the perspective of ontology research, explore the teaching rules of two language vocabulary teaching in the professional field of language from the perspective of Applied Linguistics, has a study on the demand and value, the author tries to study business Chinese vocabulary as an example, based on the form of professional language two vocabulary learning difficulty is the main form, and the meaning, etc., rather than the principle of defamiliarization professional background knowledge, study the main business of Chinese Vocabulary Teaching Ontology and application, using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the vocabulary of form and meaning, analyzing business Chinese vocabulary structure and productivity the lexical pattern, and from the application perspective, the construction of business Chinese vocabulary semantic hierarchy framework system, on the basis of the above research, to explore the business in Chinese vocabulary teaching In compiling and teaching rules, in order to provide some reference for the study of Chinese for specific purposes.
This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter mainly analyzes the Chinese business background, research status and value, firstly defines the "business Chinese, business Chinese is in business for non-native Chinese communication groups, mainly Chinese as a tool, in order to achieve specific business purposes to professional learning the number of Chinese. The research object of business Chinese vocabulary of this paper on the basis of this scope, with < business Chinese syllabus > thesaurus, establish" business Chinese vocabulary database of vocabulary in research of quantitative statistics.
The second chapter analyzes the typical characteristics of business Chinese vocabulary. There are some differences between business Chinese vocabulary and common Chinese vocabulary, but there are also crossover. This chapter mainly analyzes the specific Chinese characteristics of business Chinese vocabulary, and summarizes the prominent characteristics of 7 aspects.
By analysis of morphological characteristics. The third chapter mainly forms and categories of Business Tendency of Chinese vocabulary in category tendencies, partial formal, verb object type, joint type is the main category of business Chinese words, there is a small amount of the use of special structures. In the way of compound words in the Chinese vocabulary for business a large proportion of affixoids; enhance the ability of word formation business Chinese vocabulary; double syllable compressed into single syllable enhanced written terms; there are a lot of abbreviations in business Chinese vocabulary, the phenomenon is more obvious; business in Chinese foreign words mainly from the Japanese.
The fourth chapter analyzes the lexical pattern of business Chinese vocabulary, form and meaning of words from the point of the combination of research on vocabulary. The combination rule is formal and compound verb object type is easy to form lexical patterns. Noun morpheme in business Chinese vocabulary with lexical strong, can form more productive lexical patterns, especially the three word lexical patterns.
The fifth chapter uses the theory of frame semantics to construct a semantic framework of hierarchical system of business domain, system mainly consists of 2 sub domains, 5 frame, 12 frame, 16 frame frame type and frame fraction, the fraction of nearly 230 words, is the scene can activate cognitive vocabulary. Polymerization the relationship between system more paradigmatic relations formed from the aspects of lexical semantic framework than POS lexical category formation, in the field of language vocabulary, showing a more complete system, and connected in meaning, are shown to exist provided sense of each other.
The sixth chapter of the previous of lexis, lexical and semantic model framework system research conclusions are used to compile the vocabulary of business Chinese textbooks, especially the selection of business vocabulary in Chinese textbooks, the arrangement and the teaching method. The vocabulary arrangement of teaching materials in order to follow the pattern of lexical selection rules on vocabulary. The combination of business activities related to the scene of words and frame elements, the formation of aggregation semantics. The main teaching method can be used in translation, morpheme teaching method, framework, classification, task teaching method.
This paper aims to theoretically emphasize the field division of vocabulary research in TCFL, and promote the importance of Applied Linguistics to the field of language and vocabulary research, and provide some teaching basis for business Chinese vocabulary teaching from the perspective of practical application.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】