表方位时反义词“里—外”的不平衡发展

发布时间：2018-02-28 11:13

本文关键词： 里外反义词方位词不平衡　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“里-外”是一对具有明显的特征的反义词,同时它们又是表方位意义的词。“里”表示的是事物内部的空间范围,“外”则表示的是具有或抽象为空间关系的事物的外部范围。反义方位词“里”、“外”不论是在语义特征,还是在语法功能的分布上,都存在着广泛的不对称性现象。本文旨从方位词“里”、“外”着手,探讨反义词的不平衡发展。第一章引言部分,首先引出反义词的不平衡性。古人早就提出“相对为文”,“相反为义”；直至现代黄伯荣、廖序东对其下了较为简单定义。同时,在对外汉语教学中,关于反义词和方位词的教学都存在着这样或那样的不足之处。其次,立足于对反义词教学、汉语词汇研究以及反义词不对称现象的新视角这三个角度对本文的研究意义予以肯定,使得本文具有了较高的研究价值。再次,综合并整理了前人的各项研究成果。导论的后半部分主要交代了研究方法,同时例举了文章的语料来源,针对不同的语体作了不同的说明。第二章主要是对反义方位词“里”、“外”进行了历时的和共时的考察。文章以“里”、“外”的现代汉语语义为基础,例举了各个语义义项,并对其进行了比较,之后则是分析了不同历史时期中表示方位意义的义项的发展趋势,然后从认知学的隐喻域角度对“里”、“外”这种语义演变的趋势作了解释。第三章主要描写的是“里”、“外”的共时分布情况以及具体的不对称分布有哪几种表现。文中共时分布集中在词法和句法分布上。第四章是对“里”、“外”的不平衡分布的原因的分析,分为语言内部原因和外部原因两种。第五章是对对外汉语教学中“里”、“外”的偏误分布及其原因分析,主要是针对“里”类方位词的偏误分析。将“里”类方位词的习得分为语义和语法功能的习得,由此在语料数据的基础上分析了偏误形成的具体原因。第六章结语部分是对文章进行总结和概括,将本文的研究问题简单归纳,并指出研究的不足之处,以期在更深层次上解决问题,进一步发展。
[Abstract]:"inside and out" is a pair of antonyms with obvious characteristics, At the same time, they are the words that indicate the orientation meaning. "Li" denotes the inner spatial range of things, while "outside" means the external scope of things with or abstract to the spatial relationship, and the antonyms "inside" and "outside" indicate the semantic characteristics. There is also a widespread asymmetry in the distribution of grammatical functions. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the unbalanced development of antonyms from the perspective of "inside" and "outside". First of all, it leads to the imbalance of antonyms. The ancients long ago proposed that "the opposite is the text" and "the opposite is the meaning." until the modern Huang Bolong, Liao Xudong gave a relatively simple definition of the antonym. At the same time, in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, There are some shortcomings in teaching antonyms and locative words. Secondly, teaching antonyms is based on the teaching of antonyms. The study of Chinese vocabulary and the new perspective of antonym asymmetry confirm the significance of this study, which makes this thesis of high research value. The second part of the introduction mainly explains the research methods, and gives examples of the source of the article's corpus. The second chapter mainly focuses on the diachronic and synchronic investigation of the antisense locative words "Li" and "outside". Based on the modern Chinese semantics of "Li" and "Oui", the article gives examples of various semantic meanings. Then, it analyzes the development trend of the meaning meaning of orientation in different historical periods. Then it explains the semantic evolution of "Li" and "outside" from the perspective of cognitive metaphorical domain. The third chapter mainly describes the synchronic distribution of "Li" and "outside" as well as the specific asymmetric distribution. Chapter 4th is an analysis of the causes of the unbalanced distribution of "Li" and "outside". It is divided into two kinds: internal cause and external reason. Chapter 5th analyzes the error distribution of "Li" and "outside" in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and their causes. Aiming at the error analysis of "Li" locative words, the acquisition of "Li" locative words is divided into the acquisition of semantic and grammatical functions. The conclusion of chapter 6th summarizes and generalizes the article, summarizes the research problems in this paper, and points out the shortcomings of the research. With a view to a deeper level to solve the problem, further development.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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