基于EGG的梅县、福州、长沙方言声调实验研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 18:12

本文关键词： 梅县方言福州方言长沙方言声调发声类型　出处：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文采用实验的方法研究梅县、福州、长沙三个方言的声调,包括三方言点单字调的调型和时长研究,双字调的模式和时长研究,声调的发声类型研究。本项实验研究使用Real-Time EGG Analysis软件提取梅县、福州、长沙三方言点单字EGG信号的基频数据,通过MATLAB7.1自编程序提取各单字标注段20个点的基频数据,利用T值法和时间归一法对三方言点单字调的基频和时长数据进行归一,得到三方言点单字调格局。主要结论如下：(1)梅县方言的单字调格局：阴平44,阳平21,上声31,去声52,阴入32,阳入5；单字调的时长模式为：阴平阳平上声去声阴入阳入。(2)福州方言的单字调格局：阴平55,阳平52,上声32,阴去31,阳去342,阴入24,阳入5；单字调的时长模式为：阳去阴平阴去上声阳平阴入阳入。(3)长沙方言的单字调格局：阴平33,阳平213,上声41,阴去45,阳去21,入声24；单字调的时长模式为：阳平入声阴平上声阳去阴去。从音高和时长研究梅县、福州、长沙三方言的双字调。首先获取基频和时长等声学数据,然后归一化。主要结论如下：(1)梅县方言双字调的变调模式有：前字变调,后字不变。前字阴平、上声和去声遇后字是低调类阳平、上声和阴入,改变调型,阴平由平调44变为升调35,上声由降调31变为平调33,去声由高降调52变为高平调55；前字阳平和阴入调高调值,阳平由低降调21变调为低平调22,阴入由32调高为43。(2)福州方言双字调的变调模式有：前字变调,后字不变。前字阴平55出现变体54；阳平52变调为44、33；上声32变调为33、34、55；双字调巾去声合为一类,前字变为44、53；阴入变调为55、32、43、44、53；阳入5变调为44、33。(3)长沙方言双字调的变调模式有：上声和阳平在双字调中变调,阳去作阳平后字和阴去前字时分成两类,一类变调。上声作前字由41变为43；阳平作前字和后字时,由曲折调213变为低升调23。本文基于语言学的对比理念,在综合分析汉语方言声调各种发声类型数据后,拟定了发声类型的综合判断模型,即综合对比开商、开闭比、抖动等参数,以开商为主要判断标准,其他参数作辅助判断。正常嗓音作为中间参照值,大于中间值的是气嗓音,小于中间值的是紧喉音,这样得到一个发声类型的基本序列。另外高音调嗓音可通过声门波、基频、速度商判定。判断该模型巾使用的开商等数据采用参考水平线法和微分法提取,对梅县、福州、长沙三方言声调的发声类型进行研究。主要结论如下：(1)梅县方言舒声调为正常嗓音,至音节末阴平、上声由正常嗓音转为气嗓音；阴入为气嗓音；阳入为紧喉音。(2)福州方言舒声调为正常嗓音,至音节末阴平、上声、阴去由正常嗓音转为气嗓音；阴入1为气嗓音；阴入2和阳入受喉塞尾[-(?)]影响,由正常嗓音转为紧喉音。(3)长沙方言阴平、阳平、上声、阳去、入声为正常嗓音,至音节末由正常嗓音转为气嗓音；阴去为高音调嗓音。汉语九个方言点入声的嗓音特征可以从表征发声类型的开商、开闭比与舒声对比分析,塞尾和喉塞尾都会影响相近的元音发声态,使开商、开闭比下降,有的使发声类型转变。综合判断的结论：梅县阴入为气嗓音,阳入为紧喉音；福州阴入为气嗓音,阳入和部分阴入由正常嗓音转为紧喉音；绩溪、南昌入声由正常嗓音转为紧喉音；广州、温州为正常嗓音；长沙、太原入声由正常嗓音转为气嗓音。
[Abstract]:In this paper, using the method of experiment research in Meixian, Fuzhou, Changsha three dialect tone, tone includes three dialect tones and the length of study, dual tone pattern and the length of study on phonation types of tone.
The experimental study on the extraction of Meixian, using Real-Time EGG Analysis software in Fuzhou, the fundamental data Changsha three dialect words of EGG signal, through the MATLAB7.1 program to extract the word tagging frequency data section 20 points, the T value of the three normalized dialect single syllable pitch and duration data method and time normalization method. Three dialect monosyllabic tone pattern. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Meixian dialect monosyllabic tone pattern: Yinping 44, Yangping 21, shangsheng 31, Qusheng 52, Yin Yang 32, 5; the tones of long pattern: Yinping Yangping shangsheng Qusheng Yin Yang in Fuzhou dialect (2). The monosyllabic tone pattern: Yinping 55, Yangping 52, shangsheng Yinqu 32, 31 to 342, Yang, Yin Yang 24, 5; the tones of long pattern: yang to Yin Yin Yang to tone Yang Pingyin into. (3) Changsha dialect monosyllabic tone pattern: Yinping 33, Yangping 213 third, 41, Yinqu 45, Yangqu 21, 24 tone; monosyllabic tone pattern: long tone tone to Yin Yang Yang Ping Ping.
The pitch and duration of study in Meixian, Fuzhou, three Changsha dual tone dialect. First get the fundamental frequency and duration of acoustic data, and then normalized. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) dual tone tone sandhi mode of Meixian Dialect: the first character changes, after the words change. Before the word Yin, third and fourth tones in words is the kind of low-key Hinata, third and Yin, change of tone, tone 44 becomes rising by level 35, one of 31 to 33 by falling tone, tone by high fall 52 to high level 55; before the word and tune into a high value of Yin Yang Ping, Yang Ping from low falling tone 21 changes to the low level of 22. IVA is raised from 32 to 43. (2) dual tone tone sandhi mode of Fuzhou Dialect: the first character changes, after the word before the word appeared unchanged. Yinping 55 variant 54; 52 44,33 tone sandhi tone; 32 tone 33,34,55; dual tone Qusheng is a kind of towel, before the word changed to 44,53 Yin; the tone is 55,32,43,44,53; Yang 5 Changes to the 44,33. (3) Changsha dialect tone sandhi mode dual tone: sound and tone in the dual tone in tone, tone and words after Yang to Yin to before the word is divided into two categories, one kind of tone. The tone words changed from 41 to 43; before and after the word tone words, by turns 213 for low rising 23.
In this paper, based on the concept of comparative linguistics, the comprehensive analysis of various Chinese dialects tone phonation types of data, drafted the comprehensive judgment of phonation type model, namely comprehensive comparison operators, on-off ratio, jitter and other parameters to the operators as the main criterion, other parameters for auxiliary judgment. The normal voice as the reference value is greater than the middle, the median value is less than the median gas voice, is such a tight throat, vocal type basic sequence. In addition high pitched voice through the glottal wave, frequency, speed of business judgment. Judgment operators data the model used by the reference level towel line method and differential method of extraction, Meixian, Fuzhou study on Changsha, three tone phonation types. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Meixian dialect tones for normal voice, to the end of one syllable Yin, from normal voice to voice for the gas into the gas; Yin Yang voice; In the tight guttural. (2) Fuzhou dialect tones for normal voice, tone, syllable to end Yin, Yin to a normal voice to voice into the 1 Yin gas; gas voice; Yin and Yang in 2 by glottal - (?)], from normal voice to tight throat. (3) Changsha Yin Ping dialect, tone, tone, tone of voice to Yang, as normal, to the end of a syllable of normal voice into the gas voice; Yinqu for high pitched voice.
The voice features of Chinese nine dialects can be characterized from tone phonation types open, open and close analysis and comparison level, tail plug and glottal will affect vowel phonation are similar to that of the open, open and close ratio decreased, some of the sound change. The comprehensive judgment of the type of Yin into the conclusion: Meixian for the gas into the tight guttural voice, Yang Yin; Fuzhou gas into the voice, and in part by the Yin Yang normal voice to close Jixi, Nanchang guttural; tone from normal voice to close Guangzhou, guttural; Wenzhou normal voice; Changsha Taiyuan, entering into the gas from the normal voice voice.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17

【引证文献】