山西方言“子”缀研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 02:32

本文关键词： 山西方言 “子”缀语音语法音变类型比较　出处：《河北大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文的研究对象是山西方言的“子”缀，主要研究内容为“子”缀的音变。音变的复杂性是山西方言“子”缀的重要特点。“子”缀在山西各地纷杂的语音表现可以归纳为“子尾”（尚可独立成音节）和“子变”（已与词根合音）两大类型。山西方言“子”缀音变的复杂性、特别是山西、河南“子变”的历史联系30多年来一直是学界关注和研究的热点。本文运用描写语言学、地理语言学、历史比较语言学的理论和方法，在充分吸收已有研究成果和田野调查的基础上，对山西境内107个县市方言点“子”缀的音变类型及其地理分布、“子”缀的语法功能进行描写、分析，并对“子”缀的音变过程、音变方向、山西与河南“子变”的历史联系以及“子”缀的语法化进行一定的探讨。全文共分五章，，二至五章是论文的主体。第一章绪论。概述山西方言的分区，山西方言的语音特点和“子”缀特点；“子”缀的研究现状，本文研究的内容、目的和意义；并对本文所用的几个概念（“子”缀、“子”尾、“子”变等）以及材料来源作了界定和说明。第二章山西方言“子”尾的音变类型及地理分布。首先阐释山西方言“子”缀音变的两大类型（“子”尾、“子”变）及其语音来源,然后重点讨论“子”尾声母和韵母的音变类型及地理分布，并对“子”尾在各地的“异读”现象作了必要说明和一定的解释。山西方言“子”尾声母有6种类型，分别是：塞擦音型、塞音型、擦音型、边音型、鼻音型和零声母型；各声母类型在地域空间的分布格局是：塞擦音分布在本省以中部为核心的广大地区，分布区域约占全省面积的三分之二；塞音、边音主要分布在省境的南部，擦音主要分布在北部；零声母型南北都有，但分布的面积较小。“子”尾的韵母有4种类型：无尾韵、元音尾韵、鼻音尾韵和鼻音声化韵、塞音尾韵。分布特点是：塞音尾韵主要分布在晋语区，非塞音尾韵主要分布在官话区。第三章山西方言“子”变的音变类型及地理分布。首先描述14个方言点的“子”变韵及其特点，在此基础上分析、概括“子”变的类型及地理分布特点。山西方言的“子”变韵分布在晋语上党片、大包片和中原官话汾河片，依据“子”尾与基本韵母的合音特点可以分析为拼合、融合、长音三种类型，长音的位置主要在韵腹。拼合型“子”变韵主要出现在晋语上党片和中原官话汾河片；拼入的“子”尾形式可以分为[u]型和[]型两类，以[u]型为主，[u]型音具有后、圆特征。晋语区入声韵的“子”变都为融合型，舒声韵的融合型“子”变主要集中于晋语上党片和中原官话汾河片。从“子”变韵对于基本韵母的归并程度来看，上党片高于大包片和中原官话汾河片。第四章山西方言“子”缀音变的历时比较。重点讨论“子”尾声母、韵母的历时音变以及山西与河南方言“子”变的历史联系。本文总结出山西方言“子”尾声母的历时音变链如下：第五章山西方言“子”缀的语法功能和语法化。本章讨论“子”缀的构词功能（语法属性）及能产性问题，依据历史文献和已有研究成果追溯上古至近代汉语“子”缀的语法化历程以及山西方言“子”缀功能的来历，并通过跨方言比较分析山西方言“子”缀语法化创新的地理分布特点。山西方言“子”缀的基本功能仍然是构成名词，也可以构成量词和少量的形容词。“子”缀的构词能力在“子”尾型方言区较强，在“子”变型部分点正在衰变。山西方言继承了近代汉语“子”缀的几乎全部的语法功能，“子”缀用作形容词标记是包括山西方言在内的西北方言的共同创新，体现了西北各地方言源远流长的近亲关系。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi", the main research contents for the suffix "Zi" change.
According to the complexity is an important characteristic of Shanxi dialect. The suffix "Zi" suffix "Zi" in the confused voice performance in all parts of Shanxi can be summarized as "tail" (can separate syllables) and "change" (with the roots of two types. The complex tone) of Shanxi dialect phonetic suffix "Zi" in particular, Shanxi, Henan "historical change", 30 years has been a hot academic concern and research. This paper uses descriptive linguistics, Geographical Linguistics, historical comparative linguistics theory and method, based on absorbing the existing research results and the field survey, the type of sound change within 107 Shanxi counties dialect "Zi" and its geographical distribution, "grammatical function Zi" the description, analysis, and the suffix "Zi" in the process of change, change the direction of the historical ties between Shanxi and Henan "change" and "Zi" the Grammaticalization A certain discussion.
The full text is divided into five chapters, and the two to five chapters are the main body of the paper.
The first chapter is introduction. Overview of the zone of Shanxi dialect, the phonetic features of Shanxi dialect and the suffix "Zi" characteristics; the current situation of research on the decoration ", the content of this paper, the purpose and significance; and several concepts used in this paper (the suffix" Zi "," Zi "suffix" Zi ", etc.) materials and gives the definition and description.
The second chapter Shanxi dialect affix "Zi" tone type and geographical distribution. The two types of the first interpretation of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi" (according to the end of "Zi", "Zi" change) and voice source, then focus on "change type and geographical distribution of" end of mother and finals, and of the "" the tail around "heteronym" phenomenon made the necessary instructions and explanations. The Shanxi dialect "Zi" in the end the mother has 6 types, namely: affrication figure, plosive, brush figure, edge figure, nasal type and zero initial type; each type of initial distribution pattern in the geographical space is: affricative distributed in the vast area of the province in the central core of the distribution area of the province accounted for about 2/3; stops, laterals are mainly distributed in the territory of the province of the south, spirantization mainly distributed in the north; North and South have zero initial type, but smaller size distribution. "Zi" suffix There are 4 types: no vowel rhyme, vowel rhyme, rhyme and rhyme sound nasal twang, plosive rhyme. Distribution is rhyme: stops are mainly distributed in the Jin dialect, non-stop rhyme mainly in Mandarin.
Change type and geographical distribution of the third chapter of the Shanxi dialect "son". The first description of the 14 dialects "sub" rhyme and its characteristics, on the basis of the analysis, summed up the types and geographical distribution features. "Shanxi dialect" sub "rhyme distribution in Jin Shangdang tablets, tablets and bags the Central Plains dialect, on the basis of the" chorus features "tail and basic vowels can be analyzed for registration, fusion, long three types, long position mainly in the belly." "split type rhyme mainly appeared in the Jin Shangdang tablets and the Central Plains dialect; spell in the" child "tail form can be divided into type [u] and type two [], mainly type [u], type [u] has a sound circle feature, the Jin Dialect". The consonant "variable for fusion, fusion type" Shusheng rhyme child "mainly in the Jin Shangdang tablets and the Central Plains dialect. From the rhyme" " In view of basic vowels merge degree higher than the big piece and Shangdang, the Central Plains dialect.
The fourth chapter diachronic comparison of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi". According to the discussion on "the end of history", and Shanxi contact diachronical inflection vowel and Henan dialect "sub". This paper summarizes the chronological change of Shanxi dialect "son" chain end parent as follows:
The grammatical function and grammar of the fifth chapter of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi". This chapter discusses the suffix "Zi" word function (grammatical attribute) and can produce problems, according to the process of grammaticalization of the historical documents and the research results have been traced from ancient times to the modern Chinese "Zi" and Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi" function the origin, and the cross dialect comparison of Shanxi dialect "Zi" geographical distribution characteristics with the grammaticalization of innovation. The basic function of Shanxi dialect suffix "Zi" is a noun, can also form a classifier and a small amount of adjectives. "With the strong ability of word formation" in the "sub" tail type in the dialect area. "Zi" is part of variant decay. Shanxi dialect inherited the modern Chinese "Zi" almost all of the grammatical function, the suffix "Zi" as an adjective is a common marker innovation including Shanxi dialect, northwest dialect reflects. A long history of close relatives in the dialects of Northwest China.

【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H172

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