疑问代词的感叹用法研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 19:34

本文关键词： 疑问感叹肯定否定生成　出处：《渤海大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中疑问代词的非疑问用法种类较多，用法复杂，感叹用法更是其中相对复杂的用法之一。感叹用法本质上是一种语用用法，属于句子表达层面，隶属全句功能范畴。这一用法的产生与人们的情感密切相关，受多种因素影响与制约。人们的情感简单地可以分为两类：肯定表达和否定表达，因此疑问代词的感叹用法也可以分为两类：肯定性感叹和否定性感叹。疑问代词的感叹用法与疑问代词的任指、虚指和否定用法关系密切。任指用法和虚指用法能够表达感叹主要是因为句中具有感叹作用的连词和副词以及语气词，起到肯定强调作用；否定用法表达感叹主要是受语用因素影响，这时的否定是语用否定，在对句子进行否定的过程中，表达了一些情感指向。疑问代词用于表达感叹，除了受连词、副词和语用因素影响外，还受到认知共性、主观化和焦点等因素影响。疑问和感叹使用场合具有相似性，都可以用于当事情超出了自己的认知和经验范围的场合，两者之间存在认知共性；人们在抒发感情时，所表达的一般都是自己的主观感受；另外根据焦点理论，疑问代词不论是表达疑问还是表达感叹，，都是句子焦点所在，只是强调内容不同，并且这一转化是有规律可循的。这些因素相互交织在一起，共同推动了疑问代词感叹用法的发展。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, there are many kinds of non-interrogative usage of interrogative pronouns, the usage of which is complex, and the interjection is one of the relatively complex usages. The interjection is essentially a kind of pragmatic usage, which belongs to the level of sentence expression. This usage is closely related to people's emotions and is influenced and restricted by many factors. People's emotions can be divided into two categories simply: positive expression and negative expression, so the interjection usage of interrogative pronouns can also be divided into two categories: affirmative exclamation and negative exclamation, interjection of interrogative pronouns and any reference of interrogative pronouns. Dummy and negation are closely related. The main reason for expressing exclamations is that the conjunctions and adverbs and mood words which have the function of exclamations in sentences play a positive and emphatic role. The negation is mainly influenced by pragmatic factors, and the negation is pragmatic negation. In the process of negating the sentence, it expresses some emotional direction. Interrogative pronouns are used to express exclamations, which are influenced not only by conjunctions, adverbs and pragmatic factors, but also by cognitive commonalities, subjectivization and focus. Can be used when things are beyond their own cognition and experience, and there are cognitive commonalities between them; when people express their feelings, they generally express their own subjective feelings; in addition, according to the focus theory, Interrogative pronouns, whether they express questions or exclamations, are the focus of a sentence, but emphasize that the content is different, and that the transformation is regular. These factors are intertwined. It promotes the development of the interjection usage of interrogative pronouns.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2

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