现代汉语“要么”考察

发布时间：2018-03-07 03:09

本文选题：语法化　切入点：单用　出处：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“要么”是现代汉语使用频率极高的连词,以往的研究中只是注重于对其选择意义的描述和探究,很少涉及其他方面的考察。“要么”不仅仅是表示选择关系的连词,更可以表示建议义或醒悟义等,其用法也多种多样。鉴于此,本文从历时与共时两个方面分析了“要么”各项意义的发展和变化,并详细考察了其在现代汉语中的用法,以期为对外汉语教学提供借鉴。第一章是绪论部分。阐述了选题意义、研究现状及本文研究所采用的理论方法和语料来源等。第二章在前人研究的基础上,进一步理清了“要么”的语法化轨迹,并讨论了其表示建议和醒悟意义的产生、发展以及语法化机制。并得出其他的意义均在选择义的基础上衍生的结论。第三章从句法、语义和语用三个方面探讨了现代汉语中个“要么”单用的情况,“要么”单用时既可以单独出现在句子中,也可以和其他关联词搭配使用。其前后项的关系并非只有并列的选择关系,而是随着其句法环境的不同而有变化。单用时出现了一种固定的用法,即“要么不V,(要/若)V就Y”格式来表示一种主观态度与情感。第四章考察了“要么”双用的句法、语义和语用情况,尤其是在语义方面,并非任意的结构都可以进入“要么A,要么B”中,进入该格式的A、B两项又被赋予了新的对立关系。该格式在表示选择意义的基础上在不同的句法环境中还有不同的语用意义第五章考察了“要么”在篇章中的衔接与连贯功能以及其在篇章中的语用功能,具体表现在主观化和预设方面。第六章为结语。总结本文的主要观点,并交代须进一步探讨的问题。
[Abstract]:"either" is a highly frequently used conjunction in modern Chinese. Previous studies have only focused on the description and exploration of the meaning of its choice, and rarely involved in other aspects. "or" is not just a conjunct that expresses the relationship of choice. In view of this, this paper analyzes the development and change of the meaning of "or" from two aspects of diachronic and synchronic, and makes a detailed study of its usage in modern Chinese. In order to provide reference for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The first chapter is the introduction. It describes the significance of the topic, the current situation of the research, the theoretical methods used in this study and the source of the corpus. In the second chapter, on the basis of previous studies, we further clarify the grammaticalization trajectory of "either", and discuss the emergence of its suggestions and disillusionment. The development and grammaticalization mechanism, and draw the conclusion that the other meanings are derived on the basis of the choice of meaning. The third chapter discusses the single use of "either" in modern Chinese from three aspects: syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Can also be used in conjunction with other related words. The relationship between the items before and after is not only a juxtaposition, but varies with the syntactic environment. A fixed usage occurs when used alone. That is, "or not V" format to express a subjective attitude and emotion. Chapter 4th examines the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic situations of "either", especially in terms of semantics, in which not any structure can be entered into "either A or B". The new opposites are given to the two items in this format. The format also has different pragmatic meanings in different syntactic environments on the basis of expressing the selective meaning. Chapter 5th examines the cohesive and coherent functions of "either" in the text and its pragmatic functions in the text, which are manifested in the aspects of subjectivity and presupposition. Chapter 6th is the conclusion. It also explains the problems that need to be further explored.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

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