《围城》中的转喻认知研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 10:54

本文选题：转喻　切入点：《围城》　出处：《西南大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：转喻的研究伊始于亚里士多德时期,最初被认为是用某事物的名称替代与其相关的相近事物的名称的一种特殊修辞手段。随着近年来认知科学和认知语言学的不断发展,人们对转喻的认识发生了很大的转变。尤其是上世纪八十年代初,雷科夫和约翰逊的著作《我们赖以生存的隐喻》问世以来,认知语言学家们在转喻的研究上有了许多新的发现。转喻被认为是一种概念现象,人类思维的重要方式,普遍存在于我们的日常语言和思维中,并且能够组织我们的语言、思维和行动。Lakoff(1987)认为转喻就是由较凸显或者是容易被认知的概念实体作为参照点来触发认知另一概念实体的过程。转喻的研究在20世纪90年代慢慢升温,Panther和Radden(1999)指出,作为人类基本的认知释解方式之一,其甚至是比隐喻更基本的人类思维方式。Radden和Kovecses (1999)将转喻理解为在同一个理想化认知模型中,一个概念实体为另一个概念实体提供心理通道的认知过程。转喻的认知基础在于认知凸显性和概念的邻近性,其使用是有理据的。认知语言学家对转喻的运作机制方面从不同的视角提出了不同的模型,比方说,映射、凸显或者认知参照点。对于概念转喻的作用,本文主要讨论了其在认知、语义、语用和语篇方面的作用。对小说文本的研究起始于古希腊时代,柏拉图和亚里士多德在他们的讨论中就涉及到对戏剧和诗歌的写作和欣赏的认识和看法。小说是一种典型的叙事形式,在叙事过程中,作者需要选择一定的信息进行意义表征,以此来构建整部小说；而对于读者在理解的过程中,也需要结合一定的背景知识,有选择的理解和吸收小说文本内涵。这一构建和理解的过程正正符合概念转喻的思维和推理过程。而概念转喻作为一种思维和认知方式,可以表征小说文本世界。小说中的转喻及转喻思维可以说明作者在创作小说和读者在解读小说时的认知过程。《围城》是中国著名小说家钱钟书的杰作之一,近年来,社会各界学者从各个方面对其进行了广泛的研究,包括文学、美学、语言学等。在语言学方面,语言学家们综合翻译、语用及认知等理论对该著作进行了深入的分析和研究,其中有学者从语用学和认知语言学角度对《围城》中的隐喻及其翻译做出解释和分析。而本文通过分析发现《围城》中也大量存在转喻及转喻思维,并且目前在此方面对该小说的研究甚少。因此,本文试图分析《围城》中的转喻,即转喻在该部小说中如何体现,这种转喻思维是如何构建小说内容的,及出现在小说中的概念转喻方式与思维对构建和理解该部小说又有何作用。具体说来,本文着重分析了该小说中出现的转喻指称以及小说在具体叙事上的转喻概念思维,主要表现在该小说在人物刻画、呈现事件、背景和人物描写过程中对于细节方面的选择上。在人物刻画方面,人物的面貌特征和居住环境往往与人物特性有一致性或者是因果关系,所以,在阅读上,读者可以根据外貌特征和居住环境来判断人物特性。作者在刻画事件时,可以选择凸显的子事件来替代整个事件过程,这样不仅避免了细节上的累赘又不妨碍读者根据特定背景理解小说内容。在人物或背景的描写方面,可以选择突出的身体特点或外貌特征、突出的地点来描写整个人物或背景。这些都体现了一定的转喻思维,例如,局部代整体、子事件代整个事件、凸显特征代整个范畴。本文通过分析发现,小说《围城》中不仅包含了很多转喻的表达,而且转喻思维在许多方面都体现在作者构建叙事和读者理解叙事的过程中,这些转喻表达和思维不仅起着指称的作用,而且还表现在推理和语言经济方面。把概念转喻与具体小说结合起来,对于小说的理解和概念转喻研究都将起到极大的促进作用,也能够进一步加深我们对转喻的认识,同时拓展了转喻研究领域。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the study of Metonymy in Aristotle period, was initially thought to be used as a rhetorical device name the name of something instead of related similar things. With the development of cognitive science and cognitive linguistics in recent years, has changed our understanding of metonymy. Especially in the last century at the beginning of 80s, Lakoff and the works of Johnson < > metaphor we live since the advent of cognitive linguists in Metonymy research has many new discoveries. Metonymy is regarded as a conceptual phenomenon, an important way of human thinking, ubiquitous in everyday language and thought, and be able to organize our language and thinking. The actions of.Lakoff (1987) that is more prominent by metonymy or conceptual entity known as easy to process the reference point to trigger another entity. The concept of cognitive metonymy The study of slowly warming in 1990s, Panther and Radden (1999) pointed out that, as one of the basic human cognitive interpretation, it is even more fundamental than metaphor of human thinking mode of.Radden and Kovecses (1999) will be understood as metonymy in the same idealized cognitive model, a cognitive process of conceptual entity to another a conceptual entity provides mental access. Metonymy is the cognitive salience and proximity concept, its use is justified. The operation mechanism of metonymy cognitive linguists proposed different models from different angles, for example, mapping, or highlight the cognitive reference point for conceptual metonymy. This paper mainly discusses its role in cognitive, semantic, pragmatic and discourse function.
Study on the novels originated in ancient Greece, Platon and Aristotle is involved in drama and poetry writing and appreciation of knowledge and ideas in their discussion. The novel is a typical form of narrative in the narrative process, the author needs to choose a certain representation of information, so as to construct the whole department novel; and for readers in the process of understanding, but also requires a combination of certain background knowledge, have a choice to understand and absorb the text connotation. The construction and understanding of the process is in line with the thinking and reasoning process of conceptual metonymy. Metonymy as a way of thinking and cognition, can characterize the novel text world. Metonymy and metonymic thinking in the novel can explain the author in the creation of novels and readers in interpreting novel cognitive processes.
< siege > is one of the masterpieces of Chinese famous novelist Qian Zhongshu in recent years, scholars from all walks of life from the aspects of its extensive research, including literature, aesthetics, linguistics and so on. In linguistics, linguists comprehensive translation, pragmatic and cognitive theory in-depth analysis and Research on the work, including scholars of metaphor on the < > in the siege and its translation from the perspective of pragmatics and cognitive linguistics to explain and analysis. And this paper also found that there are a lot of < siege > metonymy and metonymic thinking, and at present the research on this novel is very little. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze metonymy < > in the siege, namely how to metonymy reflected in this novel, the metonymic thinking is how to construct the content of the novel, and appears in the novel conceptual metonymy and Thinking on the construction and interpretation of the novel also has what function.
Specifically, this paper focuses on the analysis of the conceptual metonymy thinking metonymies in the novel narrative novels in reference and specific, mainly presenting events in the novel in the characters, background and characters in the process of the details of the selection. In Figure Carved painting, features and characters of the living environment often with character consistency or causal relationship, therefore, in reading, the reader can according to the physical characteristics and the living environment to judge the character. The author in the description of events, can choose to highlight the sub events to replace the entire event process, which not only avoids the cumbersome details and does not interfere with the reader to understand the content of the novel according to the specific background. In the character or background description, body characteristics or appearance feature selection highlight the prominent place to describe the characters or background. These are Reflects certain metonymic thinking, for example, local generation, generation of sub events throughout the event, highlighting the characteristics of the whole generation category. The analysis result shows that the novel < siege > includes not only the expression of a lot of metonymy, metonymic thinking and are reflected in many aspects of the construction of narrative and narrative in the author's understanding of these. Metonymy and thinking not only plays a reference role, but also in economic reasoning and language. The conceptual metonymy and specific novels combine understanding and conceptual metonymy to the novel research will play a great role in promoting, can further deepen our understanding of metonymy metonymy, while expanding the research field.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H15

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