现代汉语话语标记“X了”的研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 00:08

本文选题：话语标记　切入点：X了　出处：《南京师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：话语标记是在交际中确保说话人和听话人理解交流的重要标记手段,它反映了语言使用者对语境的一种顺应,帮助说话人构建语篇,实现不同的语用功能从而促成交际。本文基于汉语的语言事实,选取现代汉语中“X了”这类话语标记,以话语标记、认知语法为理论支撑,对现代汉语“X了”的分布、语义和功能进行了细致全面的描写分析。首先,在前人研究的基础之上对现代汉语“X了”进行界定,得到现代汉语“X了”的甄别标准,根据这一甄别标准,筛选出符合这一标准的研究对象11个；其次,从形式上考察了“X了”的运用和分布状况；再次,根据“X了”的语义特征对其进行语义分类,并具体分析每一类别内部的异同；最后,从语篇功能、元语用功能、人际交往功能三方面对“X了”的话语功能进行了全面的探讨。本研究的主要结论有： 1.话语标记“X了”是指既不作句子的语法成分又不影响话语的真值意义,语义逐渐虚化,有着显著的程序意义或情感态度意义,对话语的连贯和理解起到标记引导作用的双音节词。“X了”在话语中的分布状况是不平衡的,其分布频率从高到低依次是：话轮的开头话轮的中是独立运用话轮的末尾。 2.根据语义语法学的理论,将“X了”从语义上分为三大类：顺承义、劝阻义和损失义。其中,表顺承义的“X了”根据承接内容的不同分为了两小类；表劝阻义的“X了”根据劝阻的语义程度的不同分为三小类；表损失义的“x了”从标记的严重程度上看,从高到低依次为：完了：惨了糟了坏了。 3.话语标记“X了”的语篇功能表现在以下四个方面：设立话题、延续话题、结束话题和转移话题；元语用意识表现在以下三个方面：提示话语进程,引起对方注意,标示情感态度；人际交往功能表现在两个方面：减少努力程度增加认知效果,遵循礼貌原则减少冲突矛盾。本研究在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,尝试运用话语标记这一理论对现代汉语“X了”从语义和功能角度进行研究,拓宽了研究的思路,也为对外汉语口语教学提供了一定的参考资料。
[Abstract]:Discourse markers are important markers to ensure the communication between speakers and listeners in communication. It reflects a linguistic user's adaptation to context, helps speakers build texts, and achieves different pragmatic functions, thus facilitated communication.
Based on the fact of Chinese language, we choose the discourse markers such as "X" in modern Chinese, and take discourse markers and cognitive grammar as theoretical support to make a detailed and comprehensive description of the distribution, semantics and functions of "X le" in modern Chinese.
First of all, on the basis of the previous studies on Modern Chinese "X" is defined by modern Chinese "X" screening criteria, according to the screening criteria, selected research object in line with the standards of 11; secondly, we study the distribution of "X" in the form; again, according to the semantic classification of semantic features of "X", and analyzes the similarities and differences within each category; finally, from the perspective of discourse function, meta pragmatic function, interpersonal function of the three aspects of "X" discourse functions are discussed.
The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
1. the discourse marker "X" refers to the truth value of neither the grammatical elements without affecting discourse, semantic grammaticalization, significant procedural meaning or emotional attitude, to discourse coherence and understanding to mark the guiding role of disyllabic words. The distribution of X. "The discourse is not balanced, the distribution of frequency from high to low in turn is: turn the beginning of turn is independent when it is used at the end.
2. according to the theory of semantic grammar, "X" from the semantic is divided into three categories: the righteousness, righteousness and justice. The loss of dissuasion, Shun Cheng Yi's "X table" according to different contents to undertake two types; dissuading "X" according to to the semantics of the different levels for three types of table; "X" meaning loss from the severity of Mark's, from high to low: finished: Oh, bad bad.
3. the discourse marker "X" discourse functions in the following four aspects: the establishment of the topic, the continuation of topic, topic and topic shift end; meta pragmatic awareness in the following three aspects: the discourse process, attracting attention, marked emotional attitudes; interpersonal function in two aspects: reduce the cognitive the effect of effort, follow the politeness principle to reduce conflicts.
On the basis of previous studies, this study tried to apply discourse markers to the study of "X" in modern Chinese from the perspective of semantics and function, which broadened the way of thinking and provided some references for oral Chinese teaching in TCFL.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【引证文献】