反问句的否定与反问度

发布时间：2018-03-10 11:21

本文选题：反问句　切入点：否定　出处：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：反问句在汉语中使用相当广泛,很早就引起了学者们的关注。本文在吸收、借鉴前人已有成果的基础上,运用语言学、认知学、逻辑学的一些相关原理,如焦点、预设、动态语境、多值逻辑等,描写与解释相结合,对反问句的否定及其反问度进行考察。在讨论反问句的否定时,本文首先分析了特指反问句与是非反问句各自否定语义的来源及影响因素,指出：前者是疑问词、反问语气、动态语境共同作用的结果；后者是反问语气、情态语气副词、特定短语结构和动态语境共同作用的结果。在此基础上,采用对比的方法,从反问句与否定句两者的自身属性、句法形式、语用功能、否定辖域和句焦等几个方面将反问句的否定与一般否定句的否定进行比较,进而发现：反问句有特殊的语用功能,它可以使否定义加强、附加义凸显,即表明言说者真正的意图,它对语境有很强的依赖性；它不同于线性的、有标记的一般否定句,它是一种非线性的隐性否定,否定的是整个句子,它没有独立的否定辖域。关于反问度,本文分别从“准”、“什么”两小类以及情态和命题两个角度入手分析特指反问句与是非反问句的反问度。通过对“谁”类问句与“什么”类问句反问度的大致趋势及道义、动力、认识三种情态和命题的否定程度与反问度的考察,我们发现反问句的否定程度与反问度成正比。此外,我们还发现,尽管反问句是无疑而问,不需要对方回答,但它有时也可以有自己的答语,其答语既可以加强反问度,也可以削弱反问度。
[Abstract]:Rhetorical questions are widely used in Chinese and have long attracted the attention of scholars. On the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from previous achievements, this paper applies some relevant principles of linguistics, cognition and logic, such as focus, presupposition, etc. Dynamic context, multi-valued logic, description and interpretation are combined to investigate the negation and rhetorical degree of rhetorical questions. When discussing the negation of rhetorical questions, this paper first analyzes the origin and influence factors of the negative semantics of specific rhetorical questions and non-rhetorical sentences, and points out that the former is the result of the joint action of interrogative words, counter-questioning mood and dynamic context; The latter is the result of the interaction of rhetorical mood, modal mood adverb, specific phrase structure and dynamic context. On this basis, the contrastive method is used to analyze the attributes, syntactic forms, pragmatic functions of rhetorical and negative sentences. The negation scope and sentence focus compare the negation of rhetorical question with the negation of general negative sentence, and find out that rhetorical question has special pragmatic function, which can strengthen the definition and add meaning to it. That is to say, it shows the real intention of the speaker, it has a strong dependence on context; it is different from the linear, marked general negative sentence, it is a nonlinear implicit negation, the negation is the whole sentence, it has no independent negation domain. With regard to the degree of questioning, This paper analyzes the rhetorical degree of specific rhetorical and non-rhetorical questions from the perspectives of "quasi" and "what", as well as modal and propositional aspects. Through the general trend of rhetorical degree of "who" type of question and "what" type of question, and the tendency of morality and motive force, We find that the negative degree of rhetorical question is proportional to the degree of rhetorical question, and we also find that although the rhetorical question is undoubtedly asked, there is no need for the other party to answer it, if we understand the negation degree of the three moods and propositions, we find that the negation degree of the rhetorical question is directly proportional to the rhetorical degree of the rhetorical question. But sometimes it can have its own answer, which can not only strengthen the degree of counterexamination, but also weaken the degree of counterexamination.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2

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