“还要”的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 06:41

本文选题：还要　切入点：短语　出处：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中“还要”有短语和副词两种用法。据查,在相关现代汉语词典里,均未收录“还要”作副词的用法,但是根据语言事实观察与分析,我们认为在“比”字句中,“还要”已经具有了副词的功能。本文首先从共时的角度描写了“还要”分别作短语和副词的语言事实,副词“还要”仅出现在“比”字句里。通过从句法、语义和语用三个平面的描写,分析了“还要”作为短语与作为副词的两种用法的特点及及其本质差异。其次,我们还从历时的角度对“还要”的词汇化进行了分析。根据语料分析,在六朝时期,“还要”最初用作动宾短语,隋唐出现了状心短语的用法。明朝时,“还要”首次出现于“比”字句中,短语开始向副词虚化。到清朝,“还要”已经发展为一个副词,其语法功能与现代汉语中该词作为副词的用法已基本一致。“还要”词汇化过程中有三个重要的语义虚化点,即主观性、未来义和程度加深义的表述。“还要”向副词虚化是发生在“比”字句里,其中句法位置和句法功能的改变,为副词化提供了条件。语义虚化和句法环境,是促使“还要”发生词汇化的两个重要因素。尽管现代汉语中“还要”作为副词的地位弱小,但是它确实已经发生了词汇化现象,其句法、语义与语用方面都与其作为短语有本质的不同。
[Abstract]:There are two uses of phrase and adverb in modern Chinese. According to the results, none of them are included as adverbs in relevant modern Chinese dictionaries, but they are observed and analyzed according to the linguistic facts. We think that in the word "Bei", "also" already has the function of adverb. This paper first describes the linguistic facts that "also" is used as phrases and adverbs respectively from a synchronic point of view, and the adverb "also" appears only in the word "Bi". This paper analyzes the characteristics and essential differences between the two usages of "also" as phrases and adverbs. Secondly, we also analyze the lexicalization of "also" from a diachronic point of view. According to the corpus analysis, in the six dynasties, "also" was originally used as a verb-object phrase. In the Ming Dynasty, "also" appeared for the first time in the word "Bi", and the phrase began to be empty to the adverb. By the Qing Dynasty, "also" had developed into an adverb. Its grammatical function is basically consistent with the use of the word as an adverb in modern Chinese. There are three important semantic nihilization points in the process of lexicalization, namely subjectivity. The expression of the future meaning and the degree of deepening the meaning. "also" to the adverb vacuity occurs in the "Bi" sentence, in which the change of syntactic position and syntactic function provides the condition for adverb transformation, and the semantic nihilization and syntactic environment, It is two important factors that promote the lexicalization of "also". Although the status of "also" as an adverb in modern Chinese is weak, it has indeed occurred the phenomenon of lexicalization, its syntax, Semantics and pragmatics are essentially different from phrases.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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