汉语和西班牙语否定表达的对比及其翻译

发布时间：2018-03-20 17:47

本文选题：汉西对比　切入点：否定表达　出处：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：否定表达是人类语言中最为重要、最为复杂的现象之一，任何一种语言都存在“否定”和“肯定”这两个完全对立的概念。从亚里士多德以来，人类至今从未间断过对语言中否定现象的研究。当前，不论是汉语还是西班牙语，关于否定用法的研究文献都层出不穷，但将汉、西两种语言中的否定现象进行分类对比的学术研究却少之又少。而汉语和西班牙语两种语言差异迥然，在思维方式和语言习惯等方面的差异较大；同为人类语言，它们在一些地方又具有某些相似性，这就给我们在学习、翻译和运用时造成一定的困难。所以，对两种语言从不同层面上进行对比和翻译研究将具有十分重要的意义。从语言学上讲，否定意义可以通过否定形式也就是显性手段来表达，也可以通过某些特定的语调、词汇、短语和句子结构等隐性手段来传递。前者一般都带有表否定意义的词或词缀等，从形式上人们一眼就能看出其否定意义，后者则从形式上看不出任何否定的特征，而其意义却是否定的。这两种否定方式在汉语和西班牙语中都存在，西班牙语中表达否定概念的方式尤其复杂，否定意义和否定形式经常不对应，往往给母语是汉语的学习者造成理解上的困难。本文以对比语言学和Peter Newmark的翻译理论为基础，运用词汇学和句法学等理论，展开对汉、西两种语言否定用法的对比研究。为此，本文将语言划分为词汇、短语和句子三个语法层面进行对比，在每一层面上，根据语言学家Chomsky的转换-生成语法学理论，按照语言的表层结构和深层结构的划分方式，又将研究对象分为“显性否定”和“隐性否定”来分别进行研究，以期在归纳总结出汉、西表达否定意义的手段的同时，通过对比研究，找出二者否定表达的相同点和不同点，使两种语言的学习者能够在对比中产生正迁移，在语言学习和翻译实践中正确运用这些手段来传递否定意义。对上述内容的论证，通过以下各章节内容展开并进行归纳：在第一章中，引出了本文的研究课题，指出了对比语言学、翻译理论和否定研究的理论框架和研究方法；第二章中，从词汇的层面上，分别对汉、西两种语言的显性否定和隐性否定用法进行了对比；第三章中，从句子的层面上，研究了汉、西两种语言显性否定和隐性否定的异同；第四章中，对汉、西否定表达进行了归纳，对汉、西互译时可能出现的肯定表达和否定表达之间的相互转换进行了分类总结，给出了翻译的总体策略和原则方法。研究过程中，本文给出了大量的例句和译文，力图在对比中阐明问题。在最后的结论部分，我们在归纳前面各章节内容的基础上得出一些阶段性的结论，并试着对汉、西否定教学和汉西-西汉互译提出一些建议，以期为中国的西班牙语教学和翻译实践提供一定的有益见解。总体上，，汉语和西班牙语都存在显性否定和隐性否定这两种否定方式，西班牙语中这两种否定方式都较普遍，而汉语则更倾向于运用显性否定，隐性否定则相对较少。当然，由于时间和资料有限，加之本人能力和经验不足，论文在科学性和实用性上难免存在一些问题，有待今后不断进行深入和完善。
[Abstract]:Negative expression is one of the most important and complex phenomena in human language. There are two totally opposite concepts in negation and affirmation in any language. Since Aristotle, human beings have never stopped studying the negation phenomenon in language.
At present, whether Chinese or Spanish, research literature on the negative usage of all but in the Han Dynasty, emerge in an endless stream, academic research the classification and comparison of negative phenomena in the two languages of the west is less and less. But the Chinese and Spanish two kinds of language differences, differences in the thinking style and language habits and other aspects of the larger; the same as the human language, they have some similarities in some places, this gives us cause some difficulties in learning, translation and use. So, will have very important significance for the comparison and translation of two languages from different levels.
From the linguistic perspective, negative meaning through the negative form is the dominant means to express, can also pass specific intonation, vocabulary, phrases and sentence structure implicit method to transmit. The former usually has a negative sense of the word or affix from the form, people can see at a glance the negative meaning of the latter. From the view of the form without any negative characteristics, and its meaning is negative. These two kinds of negation exist in both Chinese and Spanish, Spanish in the forms of negation and negation of negation is particularly complex, often do not correspond, often to the native language is difficult to understand by Chinese learners.
On the basis of contrastive linguistics and translation theory by Peter Newmark, lexicology and syntax theory of comparative study of the Western Han, use two languages negative. Therefore, this paper will be divided into language vocabulary, phrases and sentences three grammatical level were compared in each level, according to the conversion the linguist Chomsky generative grammar theory, according to the division of surface structure and deep structure, and the research object will be divided into "explicit negation" and "negative" were studied, in order to summarize Chinese, Western express negative meaning means at the same time, through the comparative study, find out two the negative expression similarities and differences, the two language learners can produce positive transfer in the contrast, in language learning and translation practice in the correct use of these means to transfer negative meaning.
The above argument, the following chapters unfold and summed up: in the first chapter, the paper introduces the research topic of this paper, points out the contrastive linguistics, theoretical framework and research methods of translation theory and negative research; the second chapter, from the lexical level, respectively, of West Han, in two languages. Explicit negation and implicit negation usage were compared; the third chapter, from the sentence level, study the similarities and differences between the two languages of West Han, explicit negation and implicit negation; in the fourth chapter, the Western Han, negative expression were summarized, the Han, and the negative conversion between the expression were classified the expression of western translation may be sure, given the overall strategy and principle method. In the process of research, this paper gives a lot of examples and translation, tries to clarify in comparison.
In the last part, we summarized in previous chapters based on the content of the stage to draw some conclusion, and try to deny the Western Han, Han - translation teaching and Hency put forward some suggestions, in order to Chinese Spanish Teaching and translation practice to provide some beneficial insights. In general, Chinese and Spanish there are explicit negation and implicit negation of these two kinds of negation, in Spanish the two negations are more common, while the Chinese tend to use explicit negation and implicit negation is relatively small.
Of course, due to limited time and data, and lack of ability and experience, there are still some problems in the science and practicability of the paper, which need further in-depth and improvement in the future.

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146;H34

【参考文献】